An experimental evaluation of computer graphics imagery
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A Computational Approach to Edge Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A montage method: the overlaying of the computer generated images onto a background photograph
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The nature of statistical learning theory
The nature of statistical learning theory
Texture Features for Browsing and Retrieval of Image Data
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Towards real-time photorealistic rendering: challenges and solutions
HWWS '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
A model for simulating the photographic development process on digital images
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Making large-scale support vector machine learning practical
Advances in kernel methods
Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms
Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms
Indoor-Outdoor Image Classification
CAIVD '98 Proceedings of the 1998 International Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Databases (CAIVD '98)
Distinguishing photographs and graphics on the World Wide Web
CAIVL '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Libraries (CBAIVL '97)
The progression of realism in computer generated images
ACM '77 Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference
Semantic Organization of Scenes Using Discriminant Structural Templates
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Measuring the perceived visual realism of images
Measuring the perceived visual realism of images
How realistic is photorealistic?
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Distinguishing computer graphics from photographic images using local binary patterns
IWDW'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Digital Forensics and Watermaking
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With the development of computer graphic rendering software and the appearance of more and more photorealistic pictures, the need for automatically distinguishing Computer Generated Images from real photographs has become of particular interest to criminal and forensic science investigators. Previous studies have been based on wavelet statistics, while in our study we examined several visual features derived from colour, edge, saturation and texture features extracted with the Gabor filter. Based on the feature extraction, we examined three commonly-used classifiers: non-linear SVM, Weighted k-nearest neighbors and Fuzzy k-nearest neighbors with 1,044 Computer Generated Images and 1,114 photographs downloaded from open sources. Finally we report on the comparative analysis of the results of these automatic classifications: Gabor filter based texture feature shows very promising results (99% for photo and 91.5% for CGI) while visual features show some abilities to perform differentiation.