Congestion avoidance and control
SIGCOMM '88 Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures and protocols
Adaptive filter theory (2nd ed.)
Adaptive filter theory (2nd ed.)
Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Measurements and analysis of end-to-end Internet dynamics
Measurements and analysis of end-to-end Internet dynamics
On estimating end-to-end network path properties
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Computer networks: a systems approach
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Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Jitter-based delay-boundary prediction of wide-area networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The Eifel algorithm: making TCP robust against spurious retransmissions
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet
Passive estimation of TCP round-trip times
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
On the Distribution of Round-Trip Delays in TCP/IP Networks
LCN '99 Proceedings of the 24th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks
Delay characterization and performance control of wide-area networks
Delay characterization and performance control of wide-area networks
QoS's downfall: at the bottom, or not at all!
RIPQoS '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Revisiting IP QoS: What have we learned, why do we care?
Signal processing analysis and algorithms for internet congestion control
Signal processing analysis and algorithms for internet congestion control
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Packet-level traffic measurements from the Sprint IP backbone
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
MobiMedia '06 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile multimedia communications
Multi-objective genetic programming for improving the performance of TCP
EuroGP'07 Proceedings of the 10th European conference on Genetic programming
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The retransmission timeout (RTO) algorithm of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which sets a dynamic upper bound on the next round-trip time (RTT) based on past RTTs, plays an important role in reliable data transfer and congestion control of the Internet. A rigorous theoretical analysis of the RTO algorithm is important in that it provides insight into the algorithm and prompts optimal design strategies. Nevertheless, such an analysis has not been conducted to date. This paper presents such an analysis from a statistical approach. We construct an auto-regressive (AR) model for the RTT processes based on experimental results that indicate: 1) RTTs along a certain path in the Internet can be modeled by a shifted Gamma distribution and 2) the temporal correlation of RTTs decreases quickly with lag. This model is used to determine the average reaction time and premature timeout probability for the RTO algorithm. We derive a closed-form expression for the first measure and a formula for numerically calculating the second. Both measures are validated through tests on simulated and real RTT data. The theoretical analysis strengthens a number of observations reported in past experiment-oriented studies.