Fbufs: a high-bandwidth cross-domain transfer facility
SOSP '93 Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Software support for outboard buffering and checksumming
SIGCOMM '95 Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Dummynet: a simple approach to the evaluation of network protocols
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Cache behavior of network protocols
SIGMETRICS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Locality-aware request distribution in cluster-based network servers
Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
IO-lite: a unified I/O buffering and caching system
OSDI '99 Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Memory Controller Optimizations for Web Servers
Proceedings of the 37th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Architectural Characterization of TCP/IP Packet Processing on the Pentium® M Microprocessor
HPCA '04 Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
Server network scalability and TCP offload
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
TCP offload is a dumb idea whose time has come
HOTOS'03 Proceedings of the 9th conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems - Volume 9
Fine-grained failover using connection migration
USITS'01 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 3
Studying network protocol offload with emulation: approach and preliminary results
HOTI '04 Proceedings of the High Performance Interconnects, 2004. on Proceedings. 12th Annual IEEE Symposium
Flash: an efficient and portable web server
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
High performance and scalable I/O virtualization via self-virtualized devices
Proceedings of the 16th international symposium on High performance distributed computing
RiceNIC: a reconfigurable network interface for experimental research and education
Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Experimental computer science
Connection handoff policies for TCP offload network interfaces
OSDI '06 Proceedings of the 7th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Protocol offload analysis by simulation
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
SpringSim '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Spring Simulation Multiconference
Network interfaces for programmable NICs and multicore platforms
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A new TCB cache to efficiently manage TCP sessions for web servers
Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
sNICh: efficient last hop networking in the data center
Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
HotOS'13 Proceedings of the 14th USENIX conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems
Leveraging bandwidth improvements to web servers through enhanced network interfaces
The Journal of Supercomputing
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This paper presents a connection handoff interface between the operating system and the network interface. Using this interface, the operating system can offload a subset of TCP connections in the system to the network interface, while the remaining connections are processed on the host CPU. Offloading can reduce computation and memory bandwidth requirements for packet processing on the host CPU. However, full TCP offloading may degrade system performance because finite processing and memory resources on the network interface limit the amount of packet processing and the number of connections. Using handoff, the operating system controls the number of offloaded connections in order to fully utilize the network interface without overloading it. Handoff is transparent to the application, and the operating system may choose to offload connections to the network interface or reclaim them from the interface at any time. A prototype system based on the modified FreeBSD operating system shows that handoff reduces the number of instructions and cache misses on the host CPU. As a result, the number of CPU cycles spent processing each packet decreases by 16--84%. Simulation results show handoff can improve web server throughput (SEPCweb99) by 15%, despite short-lived connections.