CYC: a large-scale investment in knowledge infrastructure
Communications of the ACM
WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
An efficient easily adaptable system for interpreting natural language queries
Computational Linguistics
Ranking suspected answers to natural language questions using predictive annotation
ANLC '00 Proceedings of the sixth conference on Applied natural language processing
Lexical chains for question answering
COLING '02 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Logic form transformation of WordNet and its applicability to question answering
ACL '01 Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
An analysis of the AskMSR question-answering system
EMNLP '02 Proceedings of the ACL-02 conference on Empirical methods in natural language processing - Volume 10
Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Second Edition (Morgan Kaufmann Series in Data Management Systems)
Question answering using constraint satisfaction: QA-by-Dossier-with-Constraints
ACL '04 Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Numerical data integration for cooperative question-answering
KRAQ '06 Proceedings of the Workshop KRAQ'06 on Knowledge and Reasoning for Language Processing
Open-domain question: answering
Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval
Type nanotheories: a framework for term comparison
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management
Knowledge base population: successful approaches and challenges
HLT '11 Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies - Volume 1
Hypothesis Generation and Testing in Event Profiling for Digital Forensic Investigations
International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics
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This paper demonstrates a conceptually simple but effective method of increasing the accuracy of QA systems on factoid-style questions. We define the notion of an inverted question, and show that by requiring that the answers to the original and inverted questions be mutually consistent, incorrect answers get demoted in confidence and correct ones promoted. Additionally, we show that lack of validation can be used to assert no-answer (nil) conditions. We demonstrate increases of performance on TREC and other question-sets, and discuss the kinds of future activities that can be particularly beneficial to approaches such as ours.