S2p⊆ZPPNP

  • Authors:
  • Jin-Yi Cai

  • Affiliations:
  • Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Computer and System Sciences
  • Year:
  • 2007

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Abstract

We show that the class S"2^p is contained in ZPP^N^P. The proof uses universal hashing, approximate counting and witness sampling. As a consequence, a collapse first noticed by Samik Sengupta that the assumption NP has small circuits collapses PH to S"2^p becomes the strongest version to date of the Karp-Lipton Theorem. We also discuss the problem of finding irrefutable proofs for S"2^p in ZPP^N^P.