A Tight Karp-Lipton Collapse Result in Bounded Arithmetic

  • Authors:
  • Olaf Beyersdorff;Sebastian Müller

  • Affiliations:
  • Institut für Theoretische Informatik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany;Institut für Informatik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany

  • Venue:
  • CSL '08 Proceedings of the 22nd international workshop on Computer Science Logic
  • Year:
  • 2008

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Abstract

Cook and Krají茂戮驴ek [9] have obtained the following Karp-Lipton result in bounded arithmetic: if the theory proves , then collapses to , and this collapse is provable in . Here we show the converse implication, thus answering an open question from [9]. We obtain this result by formalizing in a hard/easy argument of Buhrman, Chang, and Fortnow [3].In addition, we continue the investigation of propositional proof systems using advice, initiated by Cook and Krají茂戮驴ek [9]. In particular, we obtain several optimal and even p-optimal proof systems using advice. We further show that these p-optimal systems are equivalent to natural extensions of Frege systems.