An empirical study of automated dictionary construction for information extraction in three domains
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on empirical methods
A scalable comparison-shopping agent for the World-Wide Web
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
A hierarchical approach to wrapper induction
Proceedings of the third annual conference on Autonomous Agents
Learning Information Extraction Rules for Semi-Structured and Free Text
Machine Learning - Special issue on natural language learning
Learning dictionaries for information extraction by multi-level bootstrapping
AAAI '99/IAAI '99 Proceedings of the sixteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence and the eleventh Innovative applications of artificial intelligence conference innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Snowball: extracting relations from large plain-text collections
DL '00 Proceedings of the fifth ACM conference on Digital libraries
Wrapper induction: efficiency and expressiveness
Artificial Intelligence - Special issue on Intelligent internet systems
Visual Web Information Extraction with Lixto
Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
RoadRunner: Towards Automatic Data Extraction from Large Web Sites
Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Learning information extraction patterns from examples
Connectionist, Statistical, and Symbolic Approaches to Learning for Natural Language Processing
The evolution of Protégé: an environment for knowledge-based systems development
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Scenario customization for information extraction
Scenario customization for information extraction
Automatic acquisition of domain knowledge for Information Extraction
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
Unsupervised discovery of extraction patterns for information extraction
Unsupervised discovery of extraction patterns for information extraction
BBN: description of the PLUM system as used for MUC-4
MUC4 '92 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Message understanding
SRI International: description of the FASTUS system used for MUC-4
MUC4 '92 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Message understanding
GATE: an architecture for development of robust HLT applications
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Introduction to information extraction
AI Communications
MHB: a many-headed bridge between informal and formal guideline representations
AIME'05 Proceedings of the 10th conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Gaining process information from clinical practice guidelines using information extraction
AIME'05 Proceedings of the 10th conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Metaphors of movement: a visualization and user interface for time-oriented, skeletal plans
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Guest editorial: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine AIME '05
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Formalizing `Living Guidelines' Using LASSIE: A Multi-step Information Extraction Method
AIME '07 Proceedings of the 11th conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Authoring and verification of clinical guidelines: A model driven approach
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Extraction and exploration of correlations in patient status data
WBIE '09 Proceedings of the Workshop on Biomedical Information Extraction
Supporting the abstraction of clinical practice guidelines using information extraction
NLDB'10 Proceedings of the Natural language processing and information systems, and 15th international conference on Applications of natural language to information systems
Identifying treatment activities for modeling computer-interpretable clinical practice guidelines
KR4HC'10 Proceedings of the ECAI 2010 conference on Knowledge representation for health-care
Towards the formalization of guidelines care actions using patterns and semantic web technologies
AIME'11 Proceedings of the 13th conference on Artificial intelligence in medicine
From natural language descriptions in clinical guidelines to relationships in an ontology
KR4HC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 AIME international conference on Knowledge Representation for Health-Care: data, Processes and Guidelines
Generating evidence-based pathway models for different hospital information systems
HIS'13 Proceedings of the second international conference on Health Information Science
Methodological Review: Computer-interpretable clinical guidelines: A methodological review
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
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Objective: Formalizing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for a subsequent computer-supported processing is a challenging, but burdensome and time-consuming task. Existing methods and tools to support this task demand detailed medical knowledge, knowledge about the formal representations, and a manual modeling. Furthermore, formalized guideline documents mostly fall far short in terms of readability and understandability for the human domain modeler. Methods and material: We propose a new multi-step approach using information extraction methods to support the human modeler by both automating parts of the modeling process and making the modeling process traceable and comprehensible. This paper addresses the first steps to obtain a representation containing processes which is independent of the final guideline representation language. Results: We have developed and evaluated several heuristics without the need to apply natural language understanding and implemented them in a framework to apply them to several guidelines from the medical subject of otolaryngology. Findings in the evaluation indicate that using semi-automatic, step-wise information extraction methods are a valuable instrument to formalize CPGs. Conclusion: Our evaluation shows that a heuristic-based approach can achieve good results, especially for guidelines with a major portion of semi-structured text. It can be applied to guidelines irrespective to the final guideline representation format.