A Computational Approach to Edge Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Neural Network-Based Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Detection in Color Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Digital Image Processing
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special issue on statistical and computational theories of vision: Part II
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Automatic extraction of head and face boundaries and facial features
Information Sciences—Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal - Special issue: Informatics and computer science intelligent systems applications
Robust real-time face tracker for cluttered environments
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A real-time face tracker for color video
ICASSP '01 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03
A Bayesian discriminating features method for face detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Nonlinear color space and spatiotemporal MRF for hierarchical segmentation of face features in video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Face localization and authentication using color and depth images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Robust multipose face detection in images
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Probabilistic multiple face detection and tracking using entropy measures
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A view-based statistical system for multi-view face detection and pose estimation
Image and Vision Computing
Face and iris localization using templates designed by particle swarm optimization
Pattern Recognition Letters
Visual affect recognition
Appearance-based face detection with artificial neural networks
Intelligent Decision Technologies
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Face and facial feature detection plays an important role in various applications such as human computer interaction, video surveillance, face tracking, and face recognition. Efficient face and facial feature detection algorithms are required for applying to those tasks. This paper presents the algorithms for all types of face images in the presence of several image conditions. There are two main stages. In the first stage, the faces are detected from an original image by using Canny edge detection and our proposed average face templates. Second, a proposed neural visual model (NVM) is used to recognize all possibilities of facial feature positions. Input parameters are obtained from the positions of facial features and the face characteristics that are low sensitive to intensity change. Finally, to improve the results, image dilation is applied for removing some irrelevant regions. Additionally, the algorithms can be extended to rotational invariance problem by using Radon transformation to extract the main angle of the face. With more than 1000 images, the algorithms are successfully tested with various types of faces affected by intensity, occlusion, structural components, facial expression, illumination, noise, and orientation.