Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The changing nature of network traffic: scaling phenomena
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Application of the Diffusion Approximation to Queueing Networks I: Equilibrium Queue Distributions
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Fluid-based analysis of a network of AQM routers supporting TCP flows with an application to RED
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
Statistical bandwidth sharing: a study of congestion at flow level
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A mean-field model for multiple TCP connections through a buffer implementing RED
Performance Evaluation
Modeling, simulation and measurements of queuing delay under long-tail internet traffic
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Fluid models and solutions for large-scale IP networks
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Fitting Mixtures of Exponentials to Long-Tail Distributions to Analyze Network Performance Models
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
Analytic models for the latency and steady-state throughput of TCP tahoe, Reno, and SACK
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Modeling short-lived TCP connections with open multiclass queuing networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A mean-field analysis of short lived interacting TCP flows
Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Why is the internet traffic bursty in short time scales?
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Using partial differential equations to model TCP mice and elephants in large IP networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
QoS-IP'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Quality of Service in Multiservice IP Networks
A TCP/IP satellite infrastructure for sensing operations in emergency contexts
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Fluid models of IP networks are based on a set of ordinary differential equations, that provide an abstract deterministic description of the average network dynamics. When IP networks operate close to saturation, fluid models were proved to provide reliable performance estimates. Instead, when the network load is well below saturation, standard fluid models lead to wrong performance predictions, since all buffers are forecasted to be always empty, so that the packet discard probability is predicted to be zero. These incorrect predictions are due to the fact that fluid models, being deterministic in nature, do not account for the random traffic variations that may induce temporary congestion of some network elements. In this paper we discuss three different approaches to describe random traffic variations in fluid models, considering randomness at both the flow and packet levels. With these approaches, fluid models allow reliable results to be obtained also in the case of IP networks that operate well below their saturation load. Numerical results are presented to prove the accuracy and the versatility of the proposed approaches, considering both stationary and non-stationary traffic regimes.