Attention, intentions, and the structure of discourse
Computational Linguistics
Natural language parsing systems
Artificial Intelligence
CNLS '89 Proceedings of the ninth annual international conference of the Center for Nonlinear Studies on Self-organizing, Collective, and Cooperative Phenomena in Natural and Artificial Computing Networks on Emergent computation
Combining linguistic and pictorial information: using captions to interpret newspaper photographs
Proceedings of the first annual SNePS workshop on Current trends in SNePS---semantic network processing system
Natural language processing and knowledge representation: language for knowledge and knowledge for language
SNePS: a logic for natural language understanding and commonsense reasoning
Natural language processing and knowledge representation
A computational theory of vocabulary acquisition
Natural language processing and knowledge representation
A technique for software module specification with examples
Communications of the ACM
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Communications of the ACM
Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence
Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence
Journal of Logic, Language and Information
Holism, Conceptual-Role Semantics, and Syntactic Semantics
Minds and Machines
The CASSIE Projects: An Approach to Natural Language Competence
EPIA 89 Proceedings of the 4th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Embodied cognition: a field guide
Artificial Intelligence
Embodied artificial intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
Generalized augmented transition network grammars for generation from semantic networks
Computational Linguistics
TINLAP '75 Proceedings of the 1975 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing
ACL '85 Proceedings of the 23rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Linguistic and computational semantics
ACL '82 Proceedings of the 20th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Dynamic contextual intensional logic: logical foundations and an application
CONTEXT'03 Proceedings of the 4th international and interdisciplinary conference on Modeling and using context
In defense of contextual vocabulary acquisition
CONTEXT'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Modeling and Using Context
Helen Keller Was Never in a Chinese Room
Minds and Machines
Minds and Machines
Semiotic Systems, Computers, and the Mind: How Cognition Could Be Computing
International Journal of Signs and Semiotic Systems
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A computer can come to understand natural language the same way Helen Keller did: by using "syntactic semantics"--a theory of how syntax can suffice for semantics, i.e., how semantics for natural language can be provided by means of computational symbol manipulation. This essay considers real-life approximations of Chinese Rooms, focusing on Helen Keller's experiences growing up deaf and blind, locked in a sort of Chinese Room yet learning how to communicate with the outside world. Using the SNePS computational knowledge-representation system, the essay analyzes Keller's belief that learning that "everything has a name" was the key to her success, enabling her to "partition" her mental concepts into mental representations of: words, objects, and the naming relations between them. It next looks at Herbert Terrace's theory of naming, which is akin to Keller's, and which only humans are supposed to be capable of. The essay suggests that computers at least, and perhaps non-human primates, are also capable of this kind of naming.