A comparison of application sharing mechanisms in real-time desktop conferencing systems
COCS '90 Proceedings of the ACM SIGOIS and IEEE CS TC-OA conference on Office information systems
Performance measurements of the X window system communication protocol
Software—Practice & Experience - The X Window system
Profiling the X protocol (extended abstract)
SIGMETRICS '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
IEEE Internet Computing
Towards dynamic collaboration architectures
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Flexible support for application-sharing architecture
ECSCW'01 Proceedings of the seventh conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Evaluating windows NT terminal server performance
WINSYM'99 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Windows NT Symposium - Volume 3
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Toward Quality-Centered Design of Groupware Architectures
Engineering Interactive Systems
Fiia: user-centered development of adaptive groupware systems
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
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We have developed a formal performance model for centralized and replicated architectures involving two users, giving equations for response, feedthrough, and task completion times. The model explains previous empirical results by showing that (a) low network latency favors the centralized architecture and (b) asymmetric processing powers favor the centralized architecture. In addition, it makes several new predictions, showing that under certain practical conditions, (a) centralizing the application on the slower machine may be the optimal solution, (b) centralizing the application on the faster machine is sometimes better than replicating, and (c) as the duration of the collaboration increases, the difference in performances of centralized and replicated architectures gets magnified. We have verified these predictions through new experiments for which we created synthesized logs based on parameters gathered from actual collaboration logs. Our results increase the understanding of centralized and replicated architectures and can be used by (a) users of adaptive systems to decide when to perform architecture changes, (b) users who have a choice of systems with different architectures to choose the system most suited for a particular collaboration mode (defined by the values of the collaboration parameters), and (c) users locked into a specific architecture to decide how to change the hardware and other collaboration parameters to improve performance.