A comparison of application sharing mechanisms in real-time desktop conferencing systems
COCS '90 Proceedings of the ACM SIGOIS and IEEE CS TC-OA conference on Office information systems
Operational transformation in real-time group editors: issues, algorithms, and achievements
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
DISCIPLE: a framework for multimodal collaboration in heterogeneous environments
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Developing adaptive groupware applications using a mobile component framework
CSCW '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Resource sharing for replicated synchronous groupware
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction (4th Edition)
Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction (4th Edition)
Towards dynamic collaboration architectures
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Software Framework for Managing Heterogeneity in Mobile Collaborative Systems
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Formally analyzing two-user centralized and replicated architectures
ECSCW'05 Proceedings of the ninth conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Beyond the lan: techniques from network games for improving groupware performance
Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group work
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We evaluate response times, in N-user collaborations, of the popular centralized (client-server) and replicated (peer-to-peer) architectures, and a hybrid architecture in which each replica serves a cluster of nearby clients. Our work consists of definitions of aspects of these architectures that have previously been unspecified but must be resolved for the analysis, a formal evaluation model, and a set of experiments. The experiments are used to define the parameters of and validate the formal analysis. In addition, they compare the performances, under the three architectures, of existing data-centric, logic-centric, and stateless shared components. We show that under realistic conditions, a small number of users, high intra-cluster network delays, and large output processing and transmission costs favor the replicated architecture, large input size favors the centralized architecture, high inter-cluster network delays favor the hybrid architecture, and high input processing and transmission costs, low think times, asymmetric processing powers, and logic-intensive applications favor both the centralized and hybrid architectures. We use our validated formal model to make useful predictions about the performance of the three kinds of architectures under realistic scenarios we could not create in lab experiments.