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ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
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Corona: a communication service for scalable, reliable group collaboration systems
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A concurrency control framework for collaborative systems
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Operational transformation in real-time group editors: issues, algorithms, and achievements
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative graphics editing systems
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
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JASMINE: A Java Tool for Multimedia Collaboration on the Internet
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
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VLDB '93 Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
ISWC '97 Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
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ISAR '01 Proceedings of the IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR'01)
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GROUP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
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Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
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VR '04 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004
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IBM Systems Journal
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Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
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GROUP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
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Heterogeneity in mobile computing devices and application scenarios complicates the development of collaborative software systems. Heterogeneity includes disparate computing and communication capabilities, differences in users' needs and interests, and semantic conflicts across different domains and representations. In this paper, we describe a software framework that supports mobile collaboration by managing several aspects of heterogeneity. Adopting graph as a common data structure for the application state representation enables us to develop a generic solution for handling the heterogeneities. The effect external forces, such as resource constraints and diverging user interests, can be quantified and controlled as relational and attribute heterogeneity of state graphs. When mapping the distributed replicas of the application state, the external forces inflict a loss of graph information, resulting in many-to-one correspondences of graph elements. A key requirement for meaningful collaboration is maintaining a consistent shared state across the collaborating sites. Our framework makes the best of maximizing the state consistency, while accommodating the external force constraints, primarily the efficient use of scarce system resources. Furthermore, we describe the mobility aspects of our framework, mainly its extension to peer-to-peer scenarios and situations of intermittent connectivity. We describe an implementation of our framework applied to the interoperation of shared graphics editors across multiple platforms, where users are able to share 2D and 3D virtual environments represented as XML documents. We also present performance results, namely resource efficiency and latency, which demonstrate its feasibility for mobile scenarios.