Cyberspace: first steps
Social interaction: multimodal conversation with social agents
AAAI '94 Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (vol. 1)
Virtual Society: extending the WWW to support a multi-user interactive shared 3D environment
VRML '95 Proceedings of the first symposium on Virtual reality modeling language
The VRML 2.0 handbook: building moving worlds on the web
The VRML 2.0 handbook: building moving worlds on the web
Community Place: architecture and performance
VRML '97 Proceedings of the second symposium on Virtual reality modeling language
Reconfigurable physical agents
AGENTS '98 Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agents
A 3D natural emulation design approach to virtual communities
ACM SIGGRAPH 99 Conference abstracts and applications
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Communications of the ACM
A spatial model of interaction in large virtual environments
ECSCW'93 Proceedings of the third conference on European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Supporting Rich And Dynamic Communication In Large-Scale Collaborative Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Lessons from LambdaMOO: A Social, Text-Based Virtual Environment
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Culture formation and its issues in personal agent-oriented virtual society: "PAWˆ2"
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
IMSA'07 IASTED European Conference on Proceedings of the IASTED European Conference: internet and multimedia systems and applications
EurolMSA '07 Proceedings of the Third IASTED European Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications
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In recent years, communication networks and computer technologies make it possible to create a cyberspace on the Internet. Recently, several 3-D shared virtual spaces and worlds have been realized in which users can share the same experience in a shared virtual environment. The next important step is to extend these environments into a virtual society. To realize a virtual society, it is important to obtain a large number of users in a virtual world and evaluate what kind of functions (especially, social functions) and interface should be supported. For this purpose, we constructed a personal agent-oriented virtual society called PAW (Personal Agent World) based on our Community Place system. PAW is a 3-D personal agent-oriented virtual society. PAW has improved upon past virtual spaces based on avatar and text communication by providing autonomous personal agents that interact with users plus a social and environmental infrastructure. Each user owns a personal agent that acts as user's partner and a mediator in the shared space. PAW was available on the Internet for eight months, during which it attracted hundreds of simultaneous user accesses and thousands of accumulated user accesses. In this paper, we give an architectural and design outline of PAW and the results of a questionnaire survey.