Integrality and separability of input devices
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Operator performance with alternative manual control modes in teleoperation
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: the role of cognitive science in human-computer interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
CVRMed-MRCAS '97 Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Virtual Reality and Robotics in Medicine and Medial Robotics and Computer-Assisted Surgery
Human Factors Issues in Virtual Environments: A Review of the Literature
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Virtual environments: Virtual environments and mobile robots: Control, simulation, and robot pilot training
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Computed tomography (CT)-directed needle biopsies are routinely performed to gather tissue samples near the spine. As currently practiced, this procedure requires a great deal of spatial reasoning, skill, and training on the part of the interventional radiologist. Our goal was to evaluate the procedure through a task analysis and to make recommendations as to how the procedure could be improved through technological intervention. To this end, a spine biopsy surgical simulator was developed to mimic the current procedure and to serve as a development testbed for procedure innovation. Our methods for looking at the biopsy procedure itself included a task analysis (which produces a detailed list of tasks needed to complete a goal, their order, and time to completion) and an evaluation of human performance measures related to our simulator interface. Experiments were run to examine the effects of force and visual feedback on path-tracking performance and to determine the effects of time delay in the visual feedback on path-tracking performance. Force feedback improved performance in the conditions with visual feedback and in the conditions with visual feedback and time delay.