ESRT: event-to-sink reliable transport in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Avoiding the Bottlenecks in the MAC Layer in 802.15.4 Low Rate WPAN
ICPADS '05 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Workshops - Volume 02
Cross-layer activity management in an 802-15.4 sensor network
IEEE Communications Magazine
Review: A survey on cross-layer solutions for wireless sensor networks
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
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We consider the problem of maintaining the prescribed event sensing reliability while maximizing cluster and network lifetime in a multi-cluster 802.15.4 sensor network. Clusters are connected through bridges which also act as cluster coordinators; both ordinary nodes and bridges resolve contention using the CSMA-CA algorithm. Cluster lifetime is maximized through the use of redundant sensors which are periodically sent to sleep using a simple distributed activity management algorithm. Network lifetime is maximized by equalizing energy consumption per backoff period in all clusters through the adjustment of the number of nodes. We model this problem analytically using the datasheet for tmote_sky ultra low power IEEE 802.15.4 compliant wireless sensor module [tmote sky lowpower wireless sensor module, Moteiv Corporation, San Francisco, CA, www.moteiv.com, tmote datasheet 802.15.4, 2006] and derive the probability distribution of the network lifetime. We also derive the expression for node count that compensates for the increased load due to contention caused by the bridge. Numerical results show that this technique easily equalizes cluster lifetimes.