Designing documentation to compensate for delocalized plans
Communications of the ACM
The category-partition method for specifying and generating fuctional tests
Communications of the ACM
The role of experimentation in software engineering: past, current, and future
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Software engineering
The Unified Modeling Language user guide
The Unified Modeling Language user guide
Extreme programming explained: embrace change
Extreme programming explained: embrace change
Building Knowledge through Families of Experiments
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Qualitative Methods in Empirical Studies of Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
UML class diagram syntax: an empirical study of comprehension
APVis '01 Proceedings of the 2001 Asia-Pacific symposium on Information visualisation - Volume 9
Report from an Experiment: Impact of Documentation onMaintenance
Empirical Software Engineering
A web-based support environment for software engineering experiments
Nordic Journal of Computing
MDA Explained: The Model Driven Architecture: Practice and Promise
MDA Explained: The Model Driven Architecture: Practice and Promise
UML Collaboration Diagram Syntax: An Empirical Study of Comprehension
VISSOFT '02 Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Visualizing Software for Understanding and Analysis
The Object Constraint Language: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA
The Object Constraint Language: Getting Your Models Ready for MDA
UML Bible
Software Documentation: How Much Is Enough?
CSMR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering
Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Documentation
An Empirical Study on Using Stereotypes to Improve Understanding of UML Models
IWPC '04 Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Experiences from Conducting Semi-structured Interviews in Empirical Software Engineering Research
METRICS '05 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Software Metrics Symposium
An Experimental Investigation of Formality in UML-Based Development
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns and Java, Second Edition
Object-Oriented Software Engineering: Using UML, Patterns and Java, Second Edition
A case study on the application of UML in legacy development
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering
The Role of Experience and Ability in Comprehension Tasks Supported by UML Stereotypes
ICSE '07 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Software Engineering
A Framework for Empirical Evaluation of Model Comprehensibility
MISE '07 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering
Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Models in software engineering
Using formal models to objectively judge quality of multi-threaded programs in empirical studies
Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Models in software engineering
Statechart features and pre-release maintenance defects
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Assessing the benefits of synchronization-adorned sequence diagrams: two controlled experiments
Proceedings of the 4th ACM symposium on Software visualization
A survey into the rigor of UML use and its perceived impact on quality and productivity
Proceedings of the Second ACM-IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering and measurement
An Empirical Investigation on Dynamic Modeling in Requirements Engineering
MoDELS '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
Empirical Software Engineering
Level of detail in UML models and its impact on model comprehension: A controlled experiment
Information and Software Technology
On the effectiveness of dynamic modeling in UML: Results from an external replication
ESEM '09 Proceedings of the 2009 3rd International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement
Evaluating the Impact of UML Modeling on Software Quality: An Industrial Case Study
MODELS '09 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
Design and evaluation of extensions to UML sequence diagrams for modeling multithreaded interactions
Information Visualization
Empirical assessment of MDE in industry
Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering
Model-driven engineering practices in industry
Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering
Information and Software Technology
PROFES'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Product-Focused Software Process Improvement
Empirical investigation on the benefits of using UML in software maintenance
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Product Focused Software Development and Process Improvement
Controversy Corner: On the relationship between comment update practices and Software Bugs
Journal of Systems and Software
MDD vs. traditional software development: A practitioner's subjective perspective
Information and Software Technology
MODELS'12 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
The use of UML class diagrams and its effect on code change-proneness
Proceedings of the Second Edition of the International Workshop on Experiences and Empirical Studies in Software Modelling
Proceedings of the Second Edition of the International Workshop on Experiences and Empirical Studies in Software Modelling
Enhancing design models with composition properties: a software maintenance study
Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Aspect-oriented software development
Evaluating usage and quality of technical software documentation: an empirical study
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering
On the impact of UML analysis models on source-code comprehensibility and modifiability
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Using SMCD to reduce inconsistencies in misuse case models: A subject-based empirical evaluation
Journal of Systems and Software
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The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is becoming the de facto standard for software analysis and design modeling. However, there is still significant resistance to model-driven development in many software organizations because it is perceived to be expensive and not necessarily cost-effective. Hence, it is important to investigate the benefits obtained from modeling. As a first step in this direction, this paper reports on controlled experiments, spanning two locations, that investigate the impact of UML documentation on software maintenance. Results show that, for complex tasks and past a certain learning curve, the availability of UML documentation may result in significant improvements in the functional correctness of changes as well as the quality of their design. However, there does not seem to be any saving of time. For simpler tasks, the time needed to update the UML documentation may be substantial compared with the potential benefits, thus motivating the need for UML tools with better support for software maintenance.