The Unified Modeling Language reference manual
The Unified Modeling Language reference manual
Fundamentals of object-oriented design in UML
Fundamentals of object-oriented design in UML
Towards the principled design of software engineering diagrams
Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Software engineering
A UML Pattern Language
Sams Teach Yourself Uml in 24 Hours
Sams Teach Yourself Uml in 24 Hours
Graph drawing aesthetics and the comprehension of UML class diagrams: an empirical study
APVis '01 Proceedings of the 2001 Asia-Pacific symposium on Information visualisation - Volume 9
Comprehension of diagram syntax: an empirical study of entity relationship notations
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Empirical studies of software engineering
Effects of defects in UML models: an experimental investigation
Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Software engineering
The Impact of UML Documentation on Software Maintenance: An Experimental Evaluation
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
The Role of Experience and Ability in Comprehension Tasks Supported by UML Stereotypes
ICSE '07 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Software Engineering
Evaluating Quality in Model-Driven Engineering
MISE '07 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering
On using eye tracking in empirical assessment of software visualizations
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Empirical assessment of software engineering languages and technologies: held in conjunction with the 22nd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE) 2007
Measuring maintainability in early phase using aesthetic metrics
SEPADS'05 Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS International Conference on Software Engineering, Parallel & Distributed Systems
MoDELS '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
An Empirical Investigation on Dynamic Modeling in Requirements Engineering
MoDELS '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
Models in Software Engineering
Empirical Software Engineering
Level of detail in UML models and its impact on model comprehension: A controlled experiment
Information and Software Technology
Guidelines on the aesthetic quality of UML class diagrams
Information and Software Technology
An experimental comparison of ER and UML class diagrams for data modelling
Empirical Software Engineering
Information and Software Technology
ADVIS'04 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advances in Information Systems
ECSA'13 Proceedings of the 7th European conference on Software Architecture
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Despite UML being considered a software engineering standard, the UML syntactic notations used in texts, papers, documentation and CASE tools are often different. The decision as to which of the semantically equivalent notational variations to use appears to be according to the personal preference of the author or publisher, rather than based on any consideration of the ease with which the notation can be understood by human readers. This paper reports on an experiment that takes a human comprehension perspective on UML class diagram notational variants. Five notations were considered: for each, two semantically equivalent, yet syntactically different, variations were chosen from published texts. Our experiment required subjects to indicate whether a supplied specification matched each of a set of experimental diagrams. The results reveal that the best performing notation may depend on the task for which it is used, and that our personal, intuitive predictions intuitions (which were based in the complexity of the notation) were partly confirmed.