Approximate Analysis of Fork/Join Synchronization in Parallel Queues
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Analysis of file I/O traces in commercial computing environments
SIGMETRICS '92/PERFORMANCE '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
The design and evaluation of RAID 5 and parity striping disk array architectures
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Special issue on parallel I/O systems
RAID: high-performance, reliable secondary storage
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Scheduling algorithms for modern disk drives
SIGMETRICS '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Performance of RAID5 disk arrays with read and write caching
Distributed and Parallel Databases - Special issue on disk arrays
Architectures and algorithms for on-line failure recovery in redundant disk arrays
Distributed and Parallel Databases - Special issue on disk arrays
EVENODD: An Efficient Scheme for Tolerating Double Disk Failures in RAID Architectures
IEEE Transactions on Computers - Special issue on fault-tolerant computing
A Performance Evaluation of RAID Architectures
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Tolerating multiple failures in RAID architectures with optimal storage and uniform declustering
Proceedings of the 24th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Computer Performance Modeling Handbook
Computer Performance Modeling Handbook
Disk scheduling policies with lookahead
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Analytic Modeling of Clustered RAID with Mapping Based on Nearly Random Permutation
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Efficient Placement of Parity and Data to Tolerate Two Disk Failures in Disk Array Systems
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
RAID5 Performance with Distributed Sparing
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Track-Aligned Extents: Matching Access Patterns to Disk Drive Characteristics
FAST '02 Proceedings of the Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Performance Analysis of RAID5 Disk Arrays with a Vacationing Server Model for Rebuild Mode Operation
Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Data Engineering
Performance Analysis of Disk Arrays under Failure
VLDB '90 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Parity Striping of Disk Arrays: Low-Cost Reliable Storage with Acceptable Throughput
VLDB '90 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
HIPC '96 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on High-Performance Computing (HiPC '96)
Simulation study of cached RAID5 designs
HPCA '95 Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
A performance comparison of RAID-5 and log-structured arrays
HPDC '95 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing
Rules of Thumb in Data Engineering
ICDE '00 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Data Engineering
A Performance Evaluation Tool for RAID Disk Arrays
QEST '04 Proceedings of the The Quantitative Evaluation of Systems, First International Conference
Reconstruct versus read-modify writes in RAID
Information Processing Letters
Awarded Best Paper! -- Row-Diagonal Parity for Double Disk Failure Correction
FAST '04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
The automatic improvement of locality in storage systems
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Clustered RAID Arrays and Their Access Costs
The Computer Journal
Mirrored Disk Organization Reliability Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Analysis of Rebuild Processing in RAID5 Disk Arrays
The Computer Journal
X-code: MDS array codes with optimal encoding
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Higher reliability redundant disk arrays: Organization, operation, and coding
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Why specialized disks for composite operations may be unnecessary
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
RAID level selection for heterogeneous disk arrays
Cluster Computing
Survey and analysis of disk scheduling methods
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Rebuild processing in RAID5 with emphasis on the supplementary parity augmentation method[37]
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Hierarchical RAID: Design, performance, reliability, and recovery
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Hi-index | 14.98 |
RAID5 disk arrays use the rebuild process to reconstruct the contents of a failed disk on a spare disk, but this process is unsuccessful if latent sector failures are encountered or a second disk failure occurs. The high cost of data loss has led to two-disk failure-tolerant (2DFT) arrays: RAID6, EVENODD, row-diagonal parity (RDP), and RM2. RAID6 uses Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, whereas the latter three use parity encoding. This paper is concerned with the performance from the viewpoint of disk accesses, which, with an appropriate choice of symbol sizes, is the same for RAID6, EVENODD, and RDP, rather than the computational cost (number of XOR operations). We compare the performance of 2DFTs with each other, as well as RAID0 and RAID5 in normal and degraded operating modes. We derive cost functions for processing discrete disk accesses. The mean response time can be obtained analytically with Poisson arrivals and first-come, first-served (FCFS) scheduling. A simulation is used for validation, calibrating the approximate fork-join response analysis, and shortest-access-time-first (SATF) scheduling. The response time for read requests in RAID6 and RM2 is higher than RAID5 and RAID0 and increases with the fraction of write requests. When there is a single disk failure, RM2 outperforms RAID6 since it has a smaller parity group size than RAID6, but RAID6 outperforms RM2 with two disk failures because of its costlier recovery process. Disk loads in RM2 and RAID6 in degraded mode are unbalanced, and a solution based on pseudorandom permutations is proposed for this purpose.