TCP and explicit congestion notification
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Fast and scalable wireless handoffs in supports of mobile Internet audio
Mobile Networks and Applications - Special issue: mobile networking in the Internet
Intelligent handoff for mobile wireless internet
Mobile Networks and Applications - ACM/Kluwer special issue on wireless internet and intranet access
The Eifel algorithm: making TCP robust against spurious retransmissions
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Link layer assisted mobile IP fast handoff method over wireless LAN networks
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Performance analysis of optimized smooth handoff in mobile IP
MSWiM '02 Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on Modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Low power startup circuits for voltage and current reference with zero steady state current
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
I-TCP: indirect TCP for mobile hosts
ICDCS '95 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Optimized Smooth Handoffs in Mobile IP
ISCC '99 Proceedings of the The Fourth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications
ICDCSW '04 Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops - W7: EC (ICDCSW'04) - Volume 7
An Enhanced Inter-Access Point Protocol for Uniform Intra and Intersubnet Handoffs
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Improving the performance of reliable transport protocols in mobile computing environments
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Predictive routing of contexts in an overlay network
IM'09 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP/IEEE international conference on Symposium on Integrated Network Management
Initiative movement prediction assisted adaptive handover trigger scheme in fast MIPv6
Computer Communications
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Packet buffering-and-forwarding is a simple mechanism and has been widely used to provide seamless handoffs in many wireless/mobile networks. However, some undesirable side effects of this mechanism, if not managed appropriately, can easily diminish its effectiveness in providing seamless inter-cell transitions during a handoff. We first examine these side effects and show how inappropriate buffer management by a mobility agent could affect the TCP performance. The throughput of TCP is then studied with special emphasis on the effects of a handoff. We then propose a Last-Come-First-Drop (LCFD) buffer management policy (to be employed by mobility agents) and post-handoff acknowledgement suppression (to be used by mobile nodes) to improvement the TCP performance. Our enhancements are backward compatible and suitable for the gradual/incremental deployment. By deriving an analytical model and conducting numerical analysis, we show that our scheme can improve the TCP throughput up to 30%. Finally, we conduct the ns-2-based simulation to confirm these numerical results, and demonstrate the applicability of the analytic model for predicting TCP throughput in other handoff schemes.