Mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Using directional antennas for medium access control in ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A Secure Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks
ICNP '02 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Secure verification of location claims
WiSe '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Wireless security
Rushing attacks and defense in wireless ad hoc network routing protocols
WiSe '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Wireless security
A pairwise key pre-distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Establishing Pairwise Keys for Secure Communication in Ad Hoc Networks: A Probabilistic Approach
ICNP '03 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
SECTOR: secure tracking of node encounters in multi-hop wireless networks
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks
Visualization of wormholes in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Wireless security
LITEWORP: A Lightweight Countermeasure for the Wormhole Attack in Multihop Wireless Networks
DSN '05 Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks
DICAS: Detection, Diagnosis and Isolation of Control Attacks in Sensor Networks
SECURECOMM '05 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Security and Privacy for Emerging Areas in Communications Networks
Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Mitigating selective forwarding attacks with a channel-aware approach in WMNs
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Secure Neighborhood Creation in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks using Hop Count Discrepancies
Mobile Networks and Applications
CTAC: Control traffic tunneling attacks' countermeasures in mobile wireless networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
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In multihop wireless systems, such as ad hoc and sensor networks, the need for cooperation among nodes to relay each other's packets exposes them to a wide range of security attacks. A particularly devastating attack is known as the wormhole attack, where a malicious node records control and data traffic at one location and tunnels it to a colluding node far away, which replays it locally. This can either disrupt route establishment or make routes pass through the malicious nodes. In this paper, we present a lightweight countermeasure for the wormhole attack, called LiteWorp, which relies on overhearing neighbor communication. LiteWorp is particularly suitable for resource-constrained multihop wireless networks, such as sensor networks. Our solution allows detection of the wormhole, followed by isolation of the malicious nodes. Simulation results show that every wormhole is detected and isolated within a very short period of time over a large range of scenarios. The results also show that the fraction of packets lost due to the wormhole when LiteWorp is applied is negligible compared to the loss in an unprotected network. Simulation results bring out the configuration where no framing is possible, while still having high detection rate. Analysis is done to show the low resource consumption of LiteWorp, the low detection latency, and the likelihood of framing by malicious nodes.