Introduction to data compression
Introduction to data compression
Attacks on Steganographic Systems
IH '99 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding
Distortion-Free Data Embedding for Images
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Invertible Authentication Watermark for JPEG Images
ITCC '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing
Reliable detection of LSB steganography in color and grayscale images
MM&Sec '01 Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Multimedia and security: new challenges
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One common drawback of virtually all current data embedding methods is the fact that the original image is inevitably distorted due to data embedding itself. This distortion typically cannot be removed completely due to quantization, bit-replacement, or truncation at the grayscales 0 and 255. Although the distortion is often quite small and perceptual models are used to minimize its visibility, the distortion may not be acceptable for medical imagery (for legal reasons) or for military images inspected under nonstandard viewing conditions (after enhancement or extreme zoom). In this paper, we introduce a new paradigm for data embedding in images (lossless data embedding) that has the property that the distortion due to embedding can be completely removed from the watermarked image after the embedded data has been extracted. We present lossless embedding methods for the uncompressed formats (BMP, TIFF) and for the JPEG format. We also show how the concept of lossless data embedding can be used as a powerful tool to achieve a variety of nontrivial tasks, including lossless authentication using fragile watermarks, steganalysis of LSB embedding, and distortion-free robust watermarking.