Reliable detection of LSB steganography in color and grayscale images

Authors:
Jessica Fridrich;Miroslav Goljan;Rui Du
Affiliations:
Suny Binghamton;Suny Binghamton;Suny Binghamton
Venue:
MM&Sec '01 Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Multimedia and security: new challenges
Year:
2001

Citing 3
Cited 65

Attacks on Steganographic Systems

IH '99 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding
Distortion-Free Data Embedding for Images

IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
On the limits of steganography

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

Lossless data embedding--new paradigm in digital watermarking

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing - Emerging applications of multimedia data hiding
Distortion-Free Data Embedding for Images

IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Detection of LSB Steganography via Sample Pair Analysis

IH '02 Revised Papers from the 5th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Steganography Preserving Statistical Properties

IH '02 Revised Papers from the 5th International Workshop on Information Hiding
A steganographic method for images by pixel-value differencing

Pattern Recognition Letters
A new approach to reliable detection of LSB steganography in natural images

Signal Processing - Special section: Security of data hiding technologies
A hierarchical protocol for increasing the stealthiness of steganographic methods

Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
Adaptive steganography based on dithering

Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
Hidden Markov models and steganalysis

Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
Improving LSB steganalysis using marginal and joint probabilistic distributions

Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on Multimedia and security
LSB steganalysis based on high-order statistics

MM&Sec '05 Proceedings of the 7th workshop on Multimedia and security
Data Masking: A New Approach for Steganography?

Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems
Searching and detecting spatial LSB steganographic images on the internet

PDCN'06 Proceedings of the 24th IASTED international conference on Parallel and distributed computing and networks
Lossless data embedding: new paradigm in digital watermarking

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Towards digital video steganalysis using asymptotic memoryless detection

Proceedings of the 9th workshop on Multimedia & security
A high quality steganographic method with pixel-value differencing and modulus function

Journal of Systems and Software
Steganographic methods based on digital logic

SIP'07 Proceedings of the 6th Conference on 6th WSEAS International Conference on Signal Processing - Volume 6
The capability of image in hiding a secret message

SSIP'06 Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Signal, Speech and Image Processing
Review: A review on blind detection for image steganography

Signal Processing
A New Approach for Reducing Embedding Noise in Multiple Bit Plane Steganography

ICISP '08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Image and Signal Processing
A Novel Audio Steganalysis Based on High-Order Statistics of a Distortion Measure with Hausdorff Distance

ISC '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Information Security
Steganalytic Measures for the Steganography Using Pixel-Value Differencing and Modulus Function

PCM '08 Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Steganalysis of Multi Bit Plane Image Steganography

IWDW '07 Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking
LSB-Based Steganography Using Reflected Gray Code

IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
Close Color Pair Signature ensemble Adaptive Threshold based Steganalsis for LSB Embedding in Digital Images

Transactions on Data Privacy
Digital Watermarking and Steganography

Digital Watermarking and Steganography
Steganalysis and payload estimation of embedding in pixel differences using neural networks

Pattern Recognition
Review: Digital image steganography: Survey and analysis of current methods

Signal Processing
Progressive randomization: Seeing the unseen

Computer Vision and Image Understanding
An anti-statistical analysis LSB steganography incorporating extended cat-mapping

APPT'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced parallel processing technologies
Improving security of pixel value differencing steganographic method

NTMS'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on New technologies, mobility and security
Capacity-Raising Steganography Using Multi-Pixel Differencing and Pixel-Value Shifting Operations

Fundamenta Informaticae
A novel adaptive steganography based on local complexity and human vision sensitivity

Journal of Systems and Software
Varied PVD+LSB evading detection programs to spatial domain in data embedding systems

Journal of Systems and Software
Reliable JPEG steganalysis based on multi-directional correlations

Image Communication
An efficient prediction-and-shifting embedding technique for high quality reversible data hiding

EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing - Special issue on advanced image processing for defense and security applications
A data hiding scheme using the varieties of pixel-value differencing in multimedia images

Journal of Systems and Software
New approach in steganography by integrating different LSB algorithms and applying randomization concept to enhance security

Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Communication, Computing & Security
Improved steganalysis of LSB matching steganography based on counting alteration rate of the number of neighbourhood gray levels

Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology
Digital data security and hiding on virtual reality VDO 3DGIS-map

Proceedings of the 2nd International Convention on Rehabilitation Engineering & Assistive Technology
Varying radix numeral system based adaptive image steganography

Information Processing Letters
An efficient high payload ±1 data embedding scheme

Multimedia Tools and Applications
Steganalysis for palette-based images using generalized difference image and color correlogram

Signal Processing
A framework for avoiding steganography usage over HTTP

Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Exploiting preserved statistics for steganalysis

IH'04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information Hiding
Improved detection of LSB steganography in grayscale images

IH'04 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information Hiding
LSB steganographic method based on reversible histogram transformation function for resisting statistical steganalysis

Information Sciences: an International Journal
Secret message location steganalysis based on local coherences of hue

PCM'05 Proceedings of the 6th Pacific-Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - Volume Part II
A new steganalytic algorithm for detecting jsteg

ICCNMC'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Networking and Mobile Computing
Assessment of steganalytic methods using multiple regression models

IH'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information Hiding
A general framework for structural steganalysis of LSB replacement

IH'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information Hiding
Data embedding using pixel value differencing and diamond encoding with multiple-base notational system

Journal of Systems and Software
JPEG steganalysis using HBCL statistics and FR index

PAISI'10 Proceedings of the 2010 Pacific Asia conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics
Equivalence analysis among DIH, SPA, and RS steganalysis methods

CMS'06 Proceedings of the 10th IFIP TC-6 TC-11 international conference on Communications and Multimedia Security
Multi bit plane image steganography

IWDW'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Digital Watermarking
Secure transmission of authenticated messages using new encoding scheme and Steganography

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Science, Engineering and Information Technology
Human visual system based data embedding method using quadtree partitioning

Image Communication
Adaptive image data hiding in edges using patched reference table and pair-wise embedding technique

Information Sciences: an International Journal
Data embedding in image-media using weight-function on modulo operations

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) - Special issue on embedded systems for interactive multimedia services (ES-IMS)
Steganalysis of LSB replacement using parity-aware features

IH'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Information Hiding
A steganalysis by adjacency pixel bits structure

Computers and Electrical Engineering
Using video embedded markings for supporting content sensitive interaction in multiple contexts

Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian symposium on Multimedia and the web
Blacknoise: lightweight low-fi steganography in defense of free speech

Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Computing for Development
Pixel rearrangement based statistical restoration scheme reducing embedding noise

Multimedia Tools and Applications
A data hiding scheme based upon DCT coefficient modification

Computer Standards & Interfaces

Quantified Score

Hi-index	0.00

Visualization

Abstract

A large number of commercial steganographic programs use the Least Significant Bit embedding (LSB) as the method of choice for message hiding in 24-bit, 8-bit color images, and grayscale images. It is commonly believed that changes to the LSBs of colors cannot be detected due to noise that is always present in digital images. In this paper, we describe a new very accurate and reliable method that can detect LSB embedding in randomly scattered pixels in both 24-bit color images and 8-bit grayscale or color images. It is based on our previous work on lossless data embedding [1]. By inspecting the differences in the number of regular and singular groups for the LSB and the "shifted LSB plane", we can reliably detect messages as short as 0.03bpp.