IBM Systems Journal
Digital watermarking
Digital Steganography: Hiding Data within Data
IEEE Internet Computing
A steganographic method for images by pixel-value differencing
Pattern Recognition Letters
Watermarking applications and their properties
ITCC '00 Proceedings of the The International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'00)
Reliable detection of LSB steganography in color and grayscale images
MM&Sec '01 Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Multimedia and security: new challenges
A high quality steganographic method with pixel-value differencing and modulus function
Journal of Systems and Software
Analyses of Pixel-Value-Differencing Schemes with LSB Replacement in Stegonagraphy
IIH-MSP '07 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on International Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP 2007) - Volume 01
Generalizations of Pixel-Value Differencing Steganography for Data Hiding in Images
Fundamenta Informaticae
Hiding secret data in images via predictive coding
Pattern Recognition
On the limits of steganography
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
A Novel Steganographic Method with Four-Pixel Differencing and Modulus Function
Fundamenta Informaticae
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In order to provide large embedding capacity and to minimize distortion for the stego-image, a steganographic method using multi-pixel differencing is presented in this paper. It takes into consideration four pixels of a block, and the differences between the lowest gray-value pixel and its surrounding pixels are used to determine the degree of smoothness and sharpness for embedding the secret data. If the difference values are large in a block, and the block is located in the sharp area then more data can be embedded. On the other hand, if the block is located in the smooth area less data can be embedded. The multi-pixel differencing method is employed in our scheme. We also propose the pixel-value shifting method to increase the image quality. The experimental results show that our scheme has a large embedding capacity without creating a noticeable distortion.