IBM Systems Journal
A steganographic method for images by pixel-value differencing
Pattern Recognition Letters
Cyber warfare: steganography vs. steganalysis
Communications of the ACM - Voting systems
A high quality steganographic method with pixel-value differencing and modulus function
Journal of Systems and Software
Generalizations of Pixel-Value Differencing Steganography for Data Hiding in Images
Fundamenta Informaticae
Digital Watermarking and Steganography
Digital Watermarking and Steganography
A steganographic scheme in digital images using information of neighboring pixels
ICNC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part III
Adaptive Data Hiding in Edge Areas of Images With Spatial LSB Domain Systems
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
On the limits of steganography
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Hi-index | 0.00 |
To improve the stego-image quality and provide a larger embedding capacity, a novel steganographic method based on four-pixel differencing and modulus function is presented. We process a block of four neighboring pixels, and form three two-pixel groups to record the information of secret data. In each group, the difference value between two pixels is exploited to estimate how many secret bits will be embedded. Two pixels will be adjusted so that the sum of the remainders of them is equal to secret data. In order to extract the secret data exactly, four pixel values in a block are adjusted synchronously by using modulus function. An optimization problem is formulated to minimize the embedding distortion. A theoretical proof is given to ensure the solvability of the problem. The experimental results show the proposed method not only has a larger embedding capacity but also provides better stego-image quality.