What's wrong with mean-squared error?
Digital images and human vision
IBM Systems Journal
Digital watermarking
Detecting LSB Steganography in Color and Gray-Scale Images
IEEE MultiMedia
A steganographic method for images by pixel-value differencing
Pattern Recognition Letters
Data hiding in image and video .I. Fundamental issues and solutions
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Varied PVD+LSB evading detection programs to spatial domain in data embedding systems
Journal of Systems and Software
A data hiding scheme using the varieties of pixel-value differencing in multimedia images
Journal of Systems and Software
A Novel Steganographic Method with Four-Pixel Differencing and Modulus Function
Fundamenta Informaticae
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Generalizations of the pixel-value differencing (PVD) method for data hiding in graylevel images are proposed. Two extensions of the PVD method are analyzed: the block-based approach and the Haar-based approach. For the block-based PVD, the cover image is divided into non-overlapping horizontal or square blocks of n pixels. In each block, n − 1 differences are calculated between consecutive pixels. These differences are classified to embed the secret message. For the Haar-based PVD, the 2-D integer Haar wavelet is applied to decomposed the cover image. The high-frequency components are used to hide message. Higher level of Haar decomposition allows more bits to be embedded. For both proposed generalizations, the capacity of the embeddedmessage is significantly increased. Moreover, both generalizations are invulnerable to the RS-diagram and histogram steganalysis.