Network and internetwork security: principles and practice
Network and internetwork security: principles and practice
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
Handbook of Applied Cryptography
Handbook of Applied Cryptography
Elliptic Curve Public Key Cryptosystems
Elliptic Curve Public Key Cryptosystems
Montgomery Modular Exponentiation on Reconfigurable Hardware
ARITH '99 Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic
A Scalable Architecture for Modular Multiplication Based on Montgomery's Algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Computers
An Improved Unified Scalable Radix-2 Montgomery Multiplier
ARITH '05 Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic
Computers and Electrical Engineering
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This paper presents an improved version of unified Montgomery multiplier architecture to reduce the critical path delay leading to higher data throughput. It is known that the critical path delay due to four-to-two carry save adders (CSAs), which have two levels of carry-save logic, is predominant in determining the overall performance of the CSA based multipliers. In this paper, authors improve the multiplier efficiency by replacing four-to-two CSA with new one level area-efficient sum-carry logic. While conventional four-to-two CSA has a delay of four .xor. gates, the proposed sum-carry logic has a delay of only two .xor. gates. Not only does this result in reduced critical path delay but also results in reduced area compared to previous multiplier architectures. Also it can compute n-bit multiplication in n+2 clock cycles in both fields GF(p) and GF(2n). Further, the critical path delay is independent of input operand precision.