How people revisit web pages: empirical findings and implications for the design of history systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: World Wide Web usability
Authentication via keystroke dynamics
Proceedings of the 4th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Information Retrieval
Location Privacy in Pervasive Computing
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Statistical Identification of Encrypted Web Browsing Traffic
SP '02 Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Wireless LAN location-sensing for security applications
WiSe '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Wireless security
Transport layer identification of P2P traffic
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Theoretical Computer Science - Special issue: Foundations of wide area network computing
Remote Physical Device Fingerprinting
SP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Internet traffic classification using bayesian analysis techniques
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
RFID Privacy: An Overview of Problems and Proposed Solutions
IEEE Security and Privacy
BLINC: multilevel traffic classification in the dark
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Self-management in chaotic wireless deployments
Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Automated Traffic Classification and Application Identification using Machine Learning
LCN '05 Proceedings of the The IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks 30th Anniversary
Mobile Networks and Applications - Special issue: Wireless mobile wireless applications and services on WLAN hotspots
Jigsaw: solving the puzzle of enterprise 802.11 analysis
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Preserving location privacy in wireless lans
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
On Inferring Application Protocol Behaviors in Encrypted Network Traffic
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Timing analysis of keystrokes and timing attacks on SSH
SSYM'01 Proceedings of the 10th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 10
Passive data link layer 802.11 wireless device driver fingerprinting
USENIX-SS'06 Proceedings of the 15th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 15
ESAS'05 Proceedings of the Second European conference on Security and Privacy in Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks
Privacy vulnerabilities in encrypted HTTP streams
PET'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Improving wireless privacy with an identifier-free link layer protocol
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Anonysense: privacy-aware people-centric sensing
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Protecting your daily in-home activity information from a wireless snooping attack
UbiComp '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
Wireless device identification with radiometric signatures
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking
PETS '08 Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Protecting privacy with protocol stack virtualization
Proceedings of the 7th ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
Link-alike: using wireless to share network resources in a neighborhood
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
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Proceedings of the second ACM conference on Wireless network security
Enabling new mobile applications with location proofs
Proceedings of the 10th workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications
AnonySense: Opportunistic and Privacy-Preserving Context Collection
Pervasive '08 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Pervasive Computing
Geo-fencing: Confining Wi-Fi Coverage to Physical Boundaries
Pervasive '09 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pervasive Computing
Performing traffic analysis on a wireless identifier-free link layer
The Fifth Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing Conference: Intellect, Initiatives, Insight, and Innovations
Physical Layer Attacks on Unlinkability in Wireless LANs
PETS '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Human behavior and challenges of anonymizing WLAN traces
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
IEEE 802.11 user fingerprinting and its applications for intrusion detection
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
A correlation attack against user mobility privacy in a large-scale WLAN network
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM workshop on Wireless of the students, by the students, for the students
PinDr0p: using single-ended audio features to determine call provenance
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Mapping the urban wireless landscape with Argos
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Non-cryptographic authentication and identification in wireless networks
IEEE Wireless Communications
Aegis: physical space security for wireless networks with smart antennas
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Inferring users' online activities through traffic analysis
Proceedings of the fourth ACM conference on Wireless network security
Using differential evolution to optimize 'learning from signals' and enhance network security
Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
A survey on privacy problems and solutions for VANET based on network model
ICA3PP'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Algorithms and architectures for parallel processing - Volume Part II
Analyzing characteristic host access patterns for re-identification of web user sessions
NordSec'10 Proceedings of the 15th Nordic conference on Information Security Technology for Applications
Privacy in mobile technology for personal healthcare
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Deanonymizing mobility traces: using social network as a side-channel
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Tracking unmodified smartphones using wi-fi monitors
Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems
Model-driven energy-aware rate adaptation
Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
SecureArray: improving wifi security with fine-grained physical-layer information
Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Mobile computing & networking
Signals from the crowd: uncovering social relationships through smartphone probes
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Internet measurement conference
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The ubiquity of 802.11 devices and networks enables anyone to track our every move with alarming ease. Each 802.11 device transmits a globally unique and persistent MAC address and thus is trivially identifiable. In response, recent research has proposed replacing such identifiers with pseudonyms (i.e., temporary, unlinkable names). In this paper, we demonstrate that pseudonyms are insufficient to prevent tracking of 802.11 devices because implicit identifiers, or identifying characteristics of 802.11 traffic, can identify many users with high accuracy. For example, even without unique names and addresses, we estimate that an adversary can identify 64% of users with 90% accuracy when they spend a day at a busy hot spot. We present an automated procedure based on four previously unrecognized implicit identifiers that can identify users in three real 802.11 traces even when pseudonyms and encryption are employed. We find that the majority of users can be identified using our techniques, but our ability to identify users is not uniform; some users are not easily identifiable. Nonetheless, we show that even a single implicit identifier is sufficient to distinguish many users. Therefore, we argue that design considerations beyond eliminating explicit identifiers (i.e., unique names and addresses), must be addressed in order to prevent user tracking in wireless networks.