On the security of multiple encryption
Communications of the ACM
The Data Encryption Standard (DES) and its strength against attacks
IBM Journal of Research and Development
A proposed mode for triple-DES encryption
IBM Journal of Research and Development
How to decrypt or even substitute DES-Encrypted messages in 228 steps
Information Processing Letters
A Universal Encryption Standard
SAC '99 Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography
Key-Schedule Cryptoanalysis of IDEA, G-DES, GOST, SAFER, and Triple-DES
CRYPTO '96 Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Unbelievable Security. Matching AES Security Using Public Key Systems
ASIACRYPT '01 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
Recent Developments in the Design of Conventional Cryptographic Algorithms
State of the Art in Applied Cryptography, Course on Computer Security and Industrial Cryptography - Revised Lectures
State of the Art in Applied Cryptography, Course on Computer Security and Industrial Cryptography - Revised Lectures
FSE '98 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
On the Security of Double and 2-Key Triple Modes of Operation
FSE '99 Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
Improved Generic Algorithms for 3-Collisions
ASIACRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security: Advances in Cryptology
Cryptography for network security: failures, successes and challenges
MMM-ACNS'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mathematical methods, models and architectures for computer network security
A 3-subset meet-in-the-middle attack: cryptanalysis of the lightweight block cipher KTANTAN
SAC'10 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Selected areas in cryptography
Related-key and meet-in-the-middle attacks on Triple-DES and DES-EXE
ICCSA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part II
Timed release cryptography from bilinear pairings using hash chains
CMS'06 Proceedings of the 10th IFIP TC-6 TC-11 international conference on Communications and Multimedia Security
SP 800-131A. Transitions: Recommendation for Transitioning the Use of Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Lengths
Security analysis of the lightweight block ciphers XTEA, LED and piccolo
ACISP'12 Proceedings of the 17th Australasian conference on Information Security and Privacy
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A chosen-plaintext attack on two-key triple encryption noted by Mcrkle and Hellman is extended to a known-plaintext attack. The known-plaintext attack has lower memory requirements than the chosen-plaintext attack, but has a greater running time. The new attack is a significant improvement over a known-plaintext brute-force attack, but is still not seen as a serious threat to two-key triple encryption.