ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
The design and implementation of a log-structured file system
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
eNVy: a non-volatile, main memory storage system
ASPLOS VI Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Improving the performance of log-structured file systems with adaptive methods
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Operating systems (3rd ed.): internals and design principles
Operating systems (3rd ed.): internals and design principles
Using data clustering to improve cleaning performance for plash memory
Software—Practice & Experience
WOLF - A Novel Reordering Write Buffer to Boost the Performance of Log-Structured File Systems
FAST '02 Proceedings of the Conference on File and Storage Technologies
The Multi-Queue Replacement Algorithm for Second Level Buffer Caches
Proceedings of the General Track: 2002 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Towards Optimal I/O Scheduling for MEMS-Based Storage
MSS '03 Proceedings of the 20 th IEEE/11 th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSS'03)
Real-time garbage collection for flash-memory storage systems of real-time embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Algorithms and data structures for flash memories
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
MEMS-based Storage Devices and Standard Disk Interfaces: A Square Peg in a Round Hole?
FAST '04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
HyLog: A High Performance Approach to Managing Disk Layout
FAST '04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
An Efficient NAND Flash File System for Flash Memory Storage
IEEE Transactions on Computers
A transactional flash file system for microcontrollers
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
A flash-memory based file system
TCON'95 Proceedings of the USENIX 1995 Technical Conference Proceedings
Heuristic cleaning algorithms in log-structured file systems
TCON'95 Proceedings of the USENIX 1995 Technical Conference Proceedings
Advanced Semiconductor Memories: Architectures, Designs, and Applications
Advanced Semiconductor Memories: Architectures, Designs, and Applications
A space-efficient flash translation layer for CompactFlash systems
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
FAB: flash-aware buffer management policy for portable media players
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
LTFTL: lightweight time-shift flash translation layer for flash memory based embedded storage
EMSOFT '08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
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Flash memory is a storage medium that is becoming more and more popular. Though not yet fully embraced in traditional computing systems, Flash memory is prevalent in embedded systems, materialized as commodity appliances such as the digital camera and the MP3 player that we enjoy in our everyday lives. This paper considers an issue in file systems that use Flash memory as a storage medium and makes the following two contributions. First, we identify the cost of block cleaning as the key performance bottleneck for Flash memory analogous to the seek time in disk storage. We derive and define three performance parameters, namely, utilization, invalidity, and uniformity, from characteristics of Flash memory and present a formula for block cleaning cost based on these parameters. We show that, of these parameters, uniformity most strongly influences the cost of cleaning and that uniformity is a file system controllable parameter. This leads us to our second contribution, designing the modification-aware (MODA) page allocation scheme and analyzing how enhanced uniformity affects the block cleaning cost with various workloads. Real implementation experiments conducted on an embedded system show that the MODA scheme typically improves 20 to 30% in cleaning time compared to the traditional sequential allocation scheme that is used in YAFFS.