Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Multicluster, mobile, multimedia radio network
Wireless Networks
Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Simulating the power consumption of large-scale sensor network applications
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
An analysis of a large scale habitat monitoring application
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
HEED: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Z-MAC: a hybrid MAC for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Global Clock Synchronization in Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey
Ad Hoc Networks
Multihop/direct forwarding for 3D wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the CUBE International Information Technology Conference
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Topology control is an important feature for energy saving, and many topology control protocols have been proposed. Yet, little work has been done on quantitatively measuring practical performance gains that topology control achieves in a real sensor network. This is because many existing protocols either are too complex or make too impractical assumptions for a practical implementation and analysis. A rule of thumb or a practical upper bound on the energy saving gains achievable by topology control would assist engineers in estimating the overall energy budget of a real sensor system. This paper proposes a new topology control protocol simple enough to permit a straightforward stochastic analysis and also a real implementation in Mica2. This protocol is currently deployed in our testbed network of 42 Mica2 nodes. Our contribution is not on the novelty of this protocol but on a practical performance bound we can study using this protocol. The stochastic analysis reveals that topology control can achieve a power gain proportional to network density divided by a factor of eight to ten. Our experiment result from the real testbed tests confirms this finding. We also find a tradeoff in terms of throughput loss due to reduced density by topology control which amounts to about 50% throughput loss. These performance figures represent rough rules of thumb on energy efficiency achievable even by a very simple, unoptimized protocol.