On lifetime-based node failure and stochastic resilience of decentralized peer-to-peer networks

  • Authors:
  • Derek Leonard;Zhongmei Yao;Vivek Rai;Dmitri Loguinov

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX;Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX;Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX

  • Venue:
  • IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
  • Year:
  • 2007

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Abstract

To model P2P networks that are commonly faced with high rates of churn and random departure decisions by end-users, this paper investigates the resilience of random graphs to lifetime-based node failure and derives the expected delay before a user is forcefully isolated from the graph and the probability that this occurs within his/her lifetime. Using these metrics, we show that systems with heavy-tailed lifetime distributions are more resilient than those with light-tailed (e.g., exponential) distributions and that for a given average degree, k-regular graphs exhibit the highest level of fault tolerance. As a practical illustration of our results, each user in a system with n = 100 billion peers, 30-minute average lifetime, and 1-minute node-replacement delay can stay connected to the graph with probability 1 - 1/n using only 9 neighbors. This is in contrast to 37 neighbors required under previous modeling efforts. We finish the paper by observing that many P2P networks are almost surely (i.e., with probability 1 -- o(1)) connected if they have no isolated nodes and derive a simple model for the probability that a P2P system partitions under churn.