Fault-tolerant routing in peer-to-peer systems

  • Authors:
  • James Aspnes;Zoë Diamadi;Gauri Shah

  • Affiliations:
  • Yale University, New Haven, CT;Yale University, New Haven, CT;Yale University, New Haven, CT

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the twenty-first annual symposium on Principles of distributed computing
  • Year:
  • 2002

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Abstract

We consider the problem of designing an overlay network and routing mechanism that permits finding resources efficiently in a peer-to-peer system. We argue that many existing approaches to this problem can be modeled as the construction of a random graph embedded in a metric space whose points represent resource identifiers, where the probability of a connection between two nodes depends only on the distance between them in the metric space. We study the performance of a peer-to-peer system where nodes are embedded at grid points in a simple metric space: a one-dimensional real line. We prove upper and lower bounds on the message complexity of locating particular resources in such a system, under a variety of assumptions about failures of either nodes or the connections between them. Our lower bounds in particular show that the use of inverse power-law distributions in routing, as suggested by Kleinberg [5], is close to optimal. We also give heuristics to efficiently maintain a network supporting efficient routing as nodes enter and leave the system. Finally, we give some experimental results that suggest promising directions for future work.