Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Two-Dimensional PCA: A New Approach to Appearance-Based Face Representation and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Regularized discriminant analysis for the small sample size problem in face recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Face recognition using kernel direct discriminant analysis algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Ensemble-based discriminant learning with boosting for face recognition
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Median MSD-based method for face recognition
Neurocomputing
Improved direct LDA and its application to DNA microarray gene expression data
Pattern Recognition Letters
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
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In this paper, we propose a new feature extraction method-parameterized direct linear discriminant analysis (PD-LDA) for small sample size problems. Similar to direct LDA (D-LDA), PD-LDA is a modification of KLB (the Karhunen-Loeve expansion based on the between-class scatter matrix). As an improvement of D-LDA and KLB, PD-LDA inherits two important advantages of them. That is, it can be directly applied to high-dimensional input spaces and implemented with great efficiency. Meanwhile, experimental results conducted on two benchmark face image databases, i.e., AR and FERET, demonstrate that PD-LDA is much more effective and robust than D-LDA. In addition, it outperforms state-of-the-art facial feature extraction methods such as KLB, eigenfaces, and Fisherfaces.