A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)
SIGMOD '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Reliability analysis of redundant arrays of inexpensive disks
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Special issue on parallel I/O systems
RAID: high-performance, reliable secondary storage
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
EVENODD: An Efficient Scheme for Tolerating Double Disk Failures in RAID Architectures
IEEE Transactions on Computers - Special issue on fault-tolerant computing
Data integrity analysis of disk array systems with analytic modeling of coverage
Performance Evaluation - Special issue: 6th international conference on modelling techniques and tools for computer performance evaluation
A Performance Evaluation of RAID Architectures
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Probability and statistics with reliability, queuing and computer science applications
Probability and statistics with reliability, queuing and computer science applications
Reliability Mechanisms for Very Large Storage Systems
MSS '03 Proceedings of the 20 th IEEE/11 th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSS'03)
Reliability Analysis of Disk Array Organizations by Considering Uncorrectable Bit Errors
SRDS '97 Proceedings of the 16th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
Issues and Challenges in the Performance Analysis of Real Disk Arrays
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Reliability and security of RAID storage systems and D2D archives using SATA disk drives
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Awarded Best Paper! -- Row-Diagonal Parity for Double Disk Failure Correction
FAST '04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
FAST '04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
RobuSTore: a distributed storage architecture with robust and high performance
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Disk scrubbing versus intra-disk redundancy for high-reliability raid storage systems
SIGMETRICS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Higher reliability redundant disk arrays: Organization, operation, and coding
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Adding aggressive error correction to a high-performance compressing flash file system
EMSOFT '09 Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Embedded software
Understanding latent sector errors and how to protect against them
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
A clean-slate look at disk scrubbing
FAST'10 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
Understanding latent sector errors and how to protect against them
FAST'10 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
On the impact of disk scrubbing on energy savings
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
Online availability upgrades for parity-based RAIDs through supplementary parity augmentations
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Disk Scrubbing Versus Intradisk Redundancy for RAID Storage Systems
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Why specialized disks for composite operations may be unnecessary
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Survey and analysis of disk scheduling methods
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Rebuild processing in RAID5 with emphasis on the supplementary parity augmentation method[37]
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Hierarchical RAID: Design, performance, reliability, and recovery
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Sector-Disk (SD) Erasure Codes for Mixed Failure Modes in RAID Systems
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
SD codes: erasure codes designed for how storage systems really fail
FAST'13 Proceedings of the 11th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
FAST'14 Proceedings of the 12th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
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Today's data storage systems are increasingly adopting low-cost disk drives that have higher capacity but lower reliability, leading to more frequent rebuilds and to a higher risk of unrecoverable media errors. We propose an efficient intradisk redundancy scheme to enhance the reliability of RAID systems. This scheme introduces an additional level of redundancy inside each disk, on top of the RAID redundancy across multiple disks. The RAID parity provides protection against disk failures, whereas the proposed scheme aims to protect against media-related unrecoverable errors. In particular, we consider an intradisk redundancy architecture that is based on an interleaved parity-check coding scheme, which incurs only negligible I/O performance degradation. A comparison between this coding scheme and schemes based on traditional Reed--Solomon codes and single-parity-check codes is conducted by analytical means. A new model is developed to capture the effect of correlated unrecoverable sector errors. The probability of an unrecoverable failure associated with these schemes is derived for the new correlated model, as well as for the simpler independent error model. We also derive closed-form expressions for the mean time to data loss of RAID-5 and RAID-6 systems in the presence of unrecoverable errors and disk failures. We then combine these results to characterize the reliability of RAID systems that incorporate the intradisk redundancy scheme. Our results show that in the practical case of correlated errors, the interleaved parity-check scheme provides the same reliability as the optimum, albeit more complex, Reed--Solomon coding scheme. Finally, the I/O and throughput performances are evaluated by means of analysis and event-driven simulation.