Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic: theory and applications
Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic: theory and applications
Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Facial Expressions in Image Sequences Using Local Parameterized Models of Image Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
LAFTER: Lips and Face Real-Time Tracker
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
Parameterized facial expression synthesis based on MPEG-4
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Human expression recognition from motion using a radial basis function network architecture
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Face detection and recognition of natural human emotion using Markov random fields
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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Since facial expressions are a key modality in human communication, the automated analysis of facial images for the estimation of the displayed expression is central in the design of intuitive and human friendly human computer interaction systems. In existing approaches, over-formalised description of knowledge concerning the human face and human expressions, as well as failures of the image and video processing components, often lead to misclassification. In this paper, we propose the utilisation of extended fuzzy rules for the more flexible description of knowledge, and the consideration of uncertainty and lack of confidence in the process of feature extraction from image and video. The two are combined using a flexible possibilistic rule evaluation structure, leading to more robust overall operation. The proposed approach has been implemented as an extension to an existing expression analysis system and conclusions from comparative study have been drawn.