Supporting presence in collaborative environments by haptic force feedback
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on human-computer interaction and collaborative virtual environments
MICCAI '98 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention
Measuring Just Noticeable Differences for Haptic Force Feedback: Implications for Rehabilitation
HAPTICS '02 Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Preliminary Two Dimensional Haptic Thresholds and Task Performance Enhancements
HAPTICS '03 Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems (HAPTICS'03)
Transatlantic touch: a study of haptic collaboration over long distance
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: Advances in collaborative virtual environments
Human Factors Issues in Virtual Environments: A Review of the Literature
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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The main goal of this research is to study the effect of sub-threshold forces on human performance in a haptic-enabled virtual reality system. A multi-modal task similar to Fitts is used to study the effects of the sub-threshold forces on user performance. Each user's movement is manipulated using controlled forces such that the user is not aware of the forces. Subjects can see the position of the haptic probe in a virtual environment where they are manipulated using sub-threshold forces. The multi-modal task is used to measure the accuracy of subjects in two experiments. During the experiments, the effects of force intensity and the relative direction of applied forces to the direction of user's hand motion in the presence of visual cues are investigated. A performance index is also introduced that can be used to evaluate human performance in the application of sub-threshold forces. A psychophysical method is utilized to ensure that the applied forces on the user's hand are below the force threshold of the human haptic system. Results indicate that user performance is affected by both the intensity and direction of sub-threshold forces even when the users could control their actions through visual feedbacks.