Using dual approximation algorithms for scheduling problems theoretical and practical results
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Approximation algorithms for scheduling unrelated parallel machines
Mathematical Programming: Series A and B
Scheduling unrelated machines with costs
SODA '93 Proceedings of the fourth annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete algorithms
Multiprocessor scheduling with rejection
Proceedings of the seventh annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Exact and Approximate Algorithms for Scheduling Nonidentical Processors
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Introduction to Algorithms
RFID Systems and Security and Privacy Implications
CHES '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Fairness and load balancing in wireless LANs using association control
Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
An adaptive load balancing management technique for RFID middleware systems
Software—Practice & Experience
RFID network planning using a multi-swarm optimizer
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
A fuzzy k-coverage approach for RFID network planning using plant growth simulation algorithm
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
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A radio frequency identifier (RFID) system consists of inexpensive, uniquely-identifiable tags that are mounted on physical objects, and readers that track these tags (and hence these physical objects) through RF communication. For many performance measures in large-scale RFID systems, the set of tags to be monitored needs to be properly balanced among all readers. In this paper we, therefore, address this load balancing problem for readers - how should a given set of tags be assigned to readers such that the cost for monitoring tags across the different readers is balanced, while guaranteeing that each tag is monitored by at least one reader. We first present centralized solutions to two different variants of this load balancing problem: (i) min-max cost assignment (MCA), and (ii) min-max tag count assignment (MTA). We show that MCA, the generalized variant of the load balancing problem, is NP-hard and hence present a 2-approximation algorithm for it. We next present an optimal centralized solution for MTA, an important specialized variant of the problem. Subsequently, we present a localized distributed algorithm that is probabilistic in nature and closely matches the performance of the centralized algorithms. Finally we present detailed simulation results that illustrate the performance of the localized distributed approach, how it compares with the centralized optimal and near-optimal solutions, and how it adapts the solution with changes in tag distribution and reader topology. Our results demonstrate that our schemes achieve very good performance even in highly dynamic large-scale RFID systems.