SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Towards a computational model of sketching
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Tangible multimodal interfaces for safety-critical applications
Communications of the ACM - Multimodal interfaces that flex, adapt, and persist
A collaborative intelligent tutoring system for medical problem-based learning
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Evaluation of multimodal input for entering mathematical equations on the computer
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PapierCraft: a command system for interactive paper
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Quiet interfaces that help students think
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Pen-top feedback for paper-based interfaces
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The Andes Physics Tutoring System: Lessons Learned
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Resolving ambiguities to create a natural computer-based sketching environment
IJCAI'01 Proceedings of the 17th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
An image-based, trainable symbol recognizer for hand-drawn sketches
Computers and Graphics
An intelligent tutoring system for circuit analysis
IEEE Transactions on Education
Newton's Pen: A pen-based tutoring system for statics
Computers and Graphics
Applying mathematical sketching to sketch-based physics tutoring software
SG'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Smart graphics
PhysicsBook: a sketch-based interface for animating physics diagrams
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Newtons Pen II: an intelligent, sketch-based tutoring system and its sketch processing techniques
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
A paradigm for handwriting-based intelligent tutors
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
CogSketch: open-domain sketch understanding for cognitive science research and for education
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
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We present Newton's Pen, a statics tutor implemented on a "pentop computer", a writing instrument with an integrated digitizer and embedded processor. The tutor, intended for undergraduate education, scaffolds students in the construction of free body diagrams and equilibrium equations. This project entailed the development of sketch understanding techniques and user interface principles for creating pedagogically-sound instructional tools for pentop computers. Development on the pentop platform presented novel challenges because of limited computational resources and a visually static, ink-on-paper display (the only dynamic output device is an audio speaker). We show that a system architecture based on a finite state machine reduces the computational complexity, and serves as a convenient means for providing context-sensitive tutorial help. Our pilot study suggests that Newton's Pen has potential as an effective teaching tool.