The transfer of cognitive skill
The transfer of cognitive skill
Understanding and debugging novice programs
Artificial Intelligence - Special issue on artificial intelligence and learning environments
Student assessment using Bayesian nets
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: real-world applications of uncertain reasoning
Procedural help in Andes: generating hints using a Bayesian network student model
AAAI '98/IAAI '98 Proceedings of the fifteenth national/tenth conference on Artificial intelligence/Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Providing adaptive support to the understanding of instructional material
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Computers and Classroom Culture
Computers and Classroom Culture
Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue
Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue
Mind Bugs: The Origins of Procedural Misconceptions
Mind Bugs: The Origins of Procedural Misconceptions
Using Bayesian Networks to Manage Uncertainty in Student Modeling
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
ITS, Agents, BDI, and Affection: Trying to Make a Plan Come Together
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Minimally Invasive Tutoring of Complex Physics Problem Solving
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
The Application of Cognitive Diagnosis to the Quantitative Analysis of Simple Electrical Circuits
ITS '92 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Intelligent Tutoring System for Symbolic Calculation
ITS '92 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Andes: A Coached Problem Solving Environment for Physics
ITS '00 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Limitations of Student Control: Do Students Know When They Need Help?
ITS '00 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
The Conceptual Helper: An Intelligent Tutoring System for Teaching Fundamental Physics Concepts
ITS '00 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Going Beyond the Problem Given: How Human Tutors Use Post-Solution Discussions to Support Transfer
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - "Caring for the Learner" in honour of John Self
An Intelligent SQL Tutor on the Web
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
An Algebra Subsystem for Diagnosing Students' Input in a Physics Tutoring System
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Effects of Dissuading Unnecessary Help Requests While Providing Proactive Help
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
A comparative analysis of cognitive tutoring and constraint-based modeling
UM'03 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on User modeling
Intelligent Tutors for All: The Constraint-Based Approach
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Pause, predict, and ponder: use of narrative videos to improve cultural discussion and learning
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Newton's Pen: a pen-based tutoring system for statics
SBIM '07 Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling
Kirchhoff's Pen: a pen-based circuit analysis tutor
SBIM '07 Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics workshop on Sketch-based interfaces and modeling
Newton's Pen: A pen-based tutoring system for statics
Computers and Graphics
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Towards Collaborative Intelligent Tutors: Automated Recognition of Users' Strategies
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Evaluating an Authoring Tool for Model-Tracing Intelligent Tutoring Systems
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
A Standard Method of Developing User Interfaces for a Generic ITS Framework
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Comparing Classroom Problem-Solving with No Feedback to Web-Based Homework Assistance
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Eliminating the Gap between the High and Low Students through Meta-cognitive Strategy Instruction
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Cognitive Load Estimation for Optimizing Learning within Intelligent Tutoring Systems
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
XTutor: An Intelligent Tutor System for Science and Math Based on Excel
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Trying to Reduce Bottom-Out Hinting: Will Telling Student How Many Hints They Have Left Help?
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
An Algebra Subsystem for Diagnosing Students' Input in a Physics Tutoring System
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
The Behavior of Tutoring Systems
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
The worked-example effect: Not an artefact of lousy control conditions
Computers in Human Behavior
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Analyzing Completeness and Correctness of Utterances Using an ATMS
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
The Andes Physics Tutoring System: Five Years of Evaluations
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Explaining Self-Explaining: A Contrast between Content and Generation
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Out of the Lab and into the Classroom: An Evaluation of Reflective Dialogue in Andes
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Lowering the Bar for Creating Model-Tracing Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Domain-Specific and Domain-Independent Interactive Behaviors in Andes
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Porting an Intelligent Tutoring System across Domains
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Atomic Dynamic Bayesian Networks for a Responsive Student Model
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
A dynamic mixture model to detect student motivation and proficiency
AAAI'06 Proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Productive dialog during collaborative problem solving
ICLS'08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on International conference for the learning sciences - Volume 1
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
To Tutor or Not to Tutor: That is the Question
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
A New Paradigm for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Example-Tracing Tutors
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
ASPIRE: An Authoring System and Deployment Environment for Constraint-Based Tutors
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authoring Model-Tracing Cognitive Tutors
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
A programming remediation plan
Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
User modeling for intelligent interfaces in e-learning
UAHCI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: applications and services
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
ICLS '10 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences - Volume 1
The ideology of intelligent tutoring systems
ACM Inroads
EC-TEL'10 Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Technology enhanced learning conference on Sustaining TEL: from innovation to learning and practice
Advancing Development of Intercultural Competence through Supporting Predictions in Narrative Video
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Applying mathematical sketching to sketch-based physics tutoring software
SG'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Smart graphics
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Evaluating an Intelligent Tutoring System for Making Legal Arguments with Hypotheticals
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
An analysis of students' gaming behaviors in an intelligent tutoring system: predictors and impacts
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Activity sequence modelling and dynamic clustering for personalized e-learning
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Defining precise measurements with sketched annotations
Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Plan recognition in exploratory domains
Artificial Intelligence
An authoring language as a key to usability in a problem-solving ITS framework
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part II
Integrating sophisticated domain-independent pedagogical behaviors in an ITS framework
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part II
A case-based reasoning approach to provide adaptive feedback in microworlds
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part II
Are ILEs ready for the classroom? bringing teachers into the feedback loop
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part II
Leveraging a domain ontology to increase the quality of feedback in an intelligent tutoring system
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
Eliciting informative feedback in peer review: importance of problem-specific scaffolding
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
An analysis of gaming behaviors in an intelligent tutoring system
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning
Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning
PhysicsBook: a sketch-based interface for animating physics diagrams
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Student modeling with atomic bayesian networks
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Fifteen years of constraint-based tutors: what we have achieved and where we are going
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
A review of recent advances in learner and skill modeling in intelligent learning environments
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Employing UMLS for generating hints in a tutoring system for medical problem-based learning
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Sketch recognition algorithms for comparing complex and unpredictable shapes
IJCAI'11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Second international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence - Volume Volume Three
Can instruction as such affect learning? The case of learner control
Computers & Education
Newtons Pen II: an intelligent, sketch-based tutoring system and its sketch processing techniques
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
The effect of self-explaining on robust learning
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - Special issue on Best of ITS 2010
WEBsistments: enabling an intelligent tutoring system to excel at explaining rather than coaching
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Smart 3D collaborative virtual learning environments: A preliminary framework
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
A programming tutor for haskell
CEFP'11 Proceedings of the 4th Summer School conference on Central European Functional Programming School
Reformulating student contributions in tutorial dialogue
INLG '12 Proceedings of the Seventh International Natural Language Generation Conference
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) - Special issue on highlights of the decade in interactive intelligent systems
Toward the application of argumentation to interactive learning systems
ArgMAS'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Argumentation in Multi-Agent Systems
Problem solving learning environments and assessment: A knowledge space theory approach
Computers & Education
Plan Recognition and Visualization in Exploratory Learning Environments
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
Using reflective text to improve qualitative physics tutoring
International Journal of Learning Technology
MATHESIS: An Intelligent Web-Based Algebra Tutoring School
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
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The Andes system demonstrates that student learning can be significantly increased by upgrading only their homework problem-solving support. Although Andes is called an intelligent tutoring system, it actually replaces only the students' pencil and paper as they do problem-solving homework. Students do the same problems as before, study the same textbook, and attend the same lectures, labs and recitations. Five years of experimentation at the United States Naval Academy indicates that Andes significantly improves student learning. Andes' key feature appears to be the grain-size of interaction. Whereas most tutoring systems have students enter only the answer to a problem, Andes has students enter a whole derivation, which may consist of many steps, such as drawing vectors, drawing coordinate systems, defining variables and writing equations. Andes gives feedback after each step. When the student asks for help in the middle of problem-solving, Andes gives hints on what's wrong with an incorrect step or on what kind of step to do next. Thus, the grain size of Andes' interaction is a single step in solving the problem, whereas the grain size of a typical tutoring system's interaction is the answer to the problem. This report is a comprehensive description of Andes. It describes Andes' pedagogical principles and features, the system design and implementation, the evaluations of pedagogical effectiveness, and our plans for dissemination.