A formal theory of plan recognition
A formal theory of plan recognition
A Bayesian model of plan recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Principles of mixed-initiative user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using plan recognition in human-computer collaboration
UM '99 Proceedings of the seventh international conference on User modeling
Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue
Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue
Using Bayesian Networks to Manage Uncertainty in Student Modeling
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Modeling Student Knowledge: Cognitive Tutors in High School and College
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
A collaborative planning model of intentional structure
Computational Linguistics
prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Towards Collaborative Intelligent Tutors: Automated Recognition of Users' Strategies
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
The Andes Physics Tutoring System: Lessons Learned
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
A probabilistic plan recognition algorithm based on plan tree grammars
Artificial Intelligence
How did the e-learning session go? The Student Inspector
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Recognition of Users' Activities Using Constraint Satisfaction
UMAP '09 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization: formerly UM and AH
IJCAI'97 Proceedings of the Fifteenth international joint conference on Artifical intelligence - Volume 2
PHI: a logic-based tool for intelligent help systems
IJCAI'93 Proceedings of the 13th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence - Volume 1
EC-TEL'10 Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Technology enhanced learning conference on Sustaining TEL: from innovation to learning and practice
Plan recognition in exploratory domains
Artificial Intelligence
Automatic recognition of learner groups in exploratory learning environments
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Plan recognition in virtual laboratories
IJCAI'11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Second international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence - Volume Volume Three
IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies
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Modern pedagogical software is open-ended and flexible, allowing students to solve problems through exploration and trial-and-error. Such exploratory settings provide for a rich educational environment for students, but they challenge teachers to keep track of students’ progress and to assess their performance. This article presents techniques for recognizing students’ activities in such pedagogical software and visualizing these activities to teachers. It describes a new plan recognition algorithm that uses a recursive grammar that takes into account repetition and interleaving of activities. This algorithm was evaluated empirically using an exploratory environment for teaching chemistry used by thousands of students in several countries. It was always able to correctly infer students’ plans when the appropriate grammar was available. We designed two methods for visualizing students’ activities for teachers: one that visualizes students’ inferred plans, and one that visualizes students’ interactions over a timeline. Both of these visualization methods were preferred to and found more helpful than a baseline method which showed a movie of students’ interactions. These results demonstrate the benefit of combining novel AI techniques and visualization methods for the purpose of designing collaborative systems that support students in their problem solving and teachers in their understanding of students’ performance.