Using planning techniques in intelligent tutoring systems
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
The transfer of cognitive skill
The transfer of cognitive skill
Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
Artificial intelligence: a modern approach
Student assessment using Bayesian nets
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: real-world applications of uncertain reasoning
A comprehensive method for the evaluation of complete intelligent tutoring systems
Decision Support Systems
Automated instructor assistant for ship damage control
AAAI '99/IAAI '99 Proceedings of the sixteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence and the eleventh Innovative applications of artificial intelligence conference innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Applications of AI in education
Crossroads - Special issue on artificial intelligence
Help seeking, learning and contingent tutoring
Computers & Education
Computers and Classroom Culture
Computers and Classroom Culture
Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue
Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue
Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition
Minimally Invasive Tutoring of Complex Physics Problem Solving
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Automatic Problem Generation in Constraint-Based Tutors
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Limitations of Student Control: Do Students Know When They Need Help?
ITS '00 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
A 3-Tier Planning Architecture for Managing Tutorial Dialogue
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Integrating Pedagogical Agents into Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Going Beyond the Problem Given: How Human Tutors Use Post-Solution Discussions to Support Transfer
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - "Caring for the Learner" in honour of John Self
An Intelligent SQL Tutor on the Web
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Looking Ahead to Select Tutorial Actions: A Decision-Theoretic Approach
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Software Patterns in ITS Architectures
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
The Andes Physics Tutoring System: Lessons Learned
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
An Algebra Subsystem for Diagnosing Students' Input in a Physics Tutoring System
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning
Effects of Dissuading Unnecessary Help Requests While Providing Proactive Help
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
User modeling and problem-space representation in the tutor runtime engine
UM'03 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on User modeling
AutoTutor: A simulation of a human tutor
Cognitive Systems Research
Inducing High-Level Behaviors from Problem-Solving Traces Using Machine-Learning Tools
IEEE Intelligent Systems
What's in a Step? Toward General, Abstract Representations of Tutoring System Log Data
UM '07 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on User Modeling
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Developing a Computer-Supported Tutoring Interaction Component with Interaction Data Reuse
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
A Standard Method of Developing User Interfaces for a Generic ITS Framework
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Minimal Feedback During Tutorial Dialogue
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Using an Adaptive Collaboration Script to Promote Conceptual Chemistry Learning
ITS '08 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
FeGA: A Feedback-Generating Agent
WI-IAT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 02
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Using Item Response Theory (IRT) to select hints in an ITS
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Evaluating ACED: The Impact of Feedback and Adaptivity on Learning
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Towards an Intelligent Tutoring System for Propositional Proof Construction
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Current Issues in Computing and Philosophy
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Evidence of Misunderstandings in Tutorial Dialogue and their Impact on Learning
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
The Impact of Off-task and Gaming Behaviors on Learning: Immediate or Aggregate?
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Personal Access Tutorhelping students to learn MS Access
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
An Analysis and Feedback Infrastructure for Argumentation Learning Systems
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
From Cognitive to Pedagogical Knowledge Models in Problem-Solving ITS Frameworks
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
CTRL: A research framework for providing adaptive collaborative learning support
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
How Much Assistance Is Helpful to Students in Discovery Learning?
EC-TEL '09 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning: Learning in the Synergy of Multiple Disciplines
A New Paradigm for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Example-Tracing Tutors
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
A framework for narrative adaptation in interactive story-based learning environments
Proceedings of the Intelligent Narrative Technologies III Workshop
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games
ICLS '10 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences - Volume 2
Exploring individual differences in student writing with a narrative composition support environment
CL&W '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Writing: Writing Processes and Authoring Aids
Advancing Development of Intercultural Competence through Supporting Predictions in Narrative Video
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
A politeness effect in learning with web-based intelligent tutors
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Polite web-based intelligent tutors: Can they improve learning in classrooms?
Computers & Education
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Using tutors to improve educational games
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Human-machine student model discovery and improvement using DataShop
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Dynamic guidance for task-based exploratory learning
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Does supporting multiple student strategies in intelligent tutoring systems lead to better learning?
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Automatic generation of deductive logic proof problems
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Annie and FixIt: showcasing dynamic guidance for task-based exploratory learning
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
An authoring language as a key to usability in a problem-solving ITS framework
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part II
Integrating sophisticated domain-independent pedagogical behaviors in an ITS framework
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part II
ITS authoring through programming-by-demonstration
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part II
Detecting gaming the system in constraint-based tutors
UMAP'10 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part I
Modeling and predicting students problem solving times
SOFSEM'12 Proceedings of the 38th international conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science
Fifteen years of constraint-based tutors: what we have achieved and where we are going
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
"Oh dear stacy!": social interaction, elaboration, and learning with teachable agents
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Collaboration in cognitive tutor use in latin America: field study and design recommendations
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using need validation to design an intelligent tangible learning environment
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games
The effect of self-explaining on robust learning
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - Special issue on Best of ITS 2010
Enhancing the automatic generation of hints with expert seeding
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - Special issue on Best of ITS 2010
Automating next-step hints generation using ASTUS
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Noticing relevant feedback improves learning in an intelligent tutoring system for peer tutoring
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
WEBsistments: enabling an intelligent tutoring system to excel at explaining rather than coaching
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Analysis of a simple model of problem solving times
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
How do they do it? investigating dialogue moves within dialogue modes in expert human tutoring
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
A programming tutor for haskell
CEFP'11 Proceedings of the 4th Summer School conference on Central European Functional Programming School
The role of conditional release technologies and intelligent tutors in graduate management education
ICHL'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Hybrid Learning
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) - Special issue on highlights of the decade in interactive intelligent systems
Ask-Elle: a haskell tutor demonstration
EC-TEL'12 Proceedings of the 7th European conference on Technology Enhanced Learning
Evaluation of an intelligent tutoring system used for teaching RAD in a database environment
ACE '12 Proceedings of the Fourteenth Australasian Computing Education Conference - Volume 123
Hint systems may negatively impact performance in educational games
Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Learning @ scale conference
DeepTutor: towards macro- and micro-adaptive conversational intelligent tutoring at scale
Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Learning @ scale conference
Experimental Evaluation of Automatic Hint Generation for a Logic Tutor
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - Best of AIED 2011
MATHESIS: An Intelligent Web-Based Algebra Tutoring School
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
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Tutoring systems are described as having two loops. The outer loop executes once for each task, where a task usually consists of solving a complex, multi-step problem. The inner loop executes once for each step taken by the student in the solution of a task. The inner loop can give feedback and hints on each step. The inner loop can also assess the student's evolving competence and update a student model, which is used by the outer loop to select a next task that is appropriate for the student. For those who know little about tutoring systems, this description is meant as a demystifying introduction. For tutoring system experts, this description illustrates that although tutoring systems differ widely in their task domains, user interfaces, software structures, knowledge bases, etc., their behaviors are in fact quite similar.