ChatterBots, TinyMuds, and the Turing test: entering the Loebner Prize competition
AAAI '94 Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (vol. 1)
Embodiment in conversational interfaces: Rea
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Yahoo! as an ontology: using Yahoo! categories to describe documents
Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Embodied contextual agent in information delivering application
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 2
Enhancing conversational flexibility in multimodal interactions with embodied lifelike agent
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
ANLC '00 Proceedings of the sixth conference on Applied natural language processing
PARADISE: a framework for evaluating spoken dialogue agents
ACL '98 Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and Eighth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
An analysis of clarification dialogue for question answering
NAACL '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology - Volume 1
Question Answering in Restricted Domains: An Overview
Computational Linguistics
AnswerBus question answering system
HLT '02 Proceedings of the second international conference on Human Language Technology Research
Evaluating a conversation-centered interactive drama
Proceedings of the 6th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Dealing with out of domain questions in virtual characters
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
CIG'09 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Intelligence and Games
Textual vs. graphical interaction in an interactive fiction game
ICIDS'10 Proceedings of the Third joint conference on Interactive digital storytelling
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Unlike traditional task-oriented dialog systems, one of the goals of conversational applications is to keep the user engaged and interested for as long as possible. This paper describes a technique that we implemented for dealing with the problem of out-of-domain topics and successfully integrated in a fully functional conversational system. In our approach, we exploit a simple and freely available coarsegrained ontology, namely Google's directory' structure, in order to automatically categorize unknown words and combines it with the existing ontological properties and dialog acts to create an automated semantic representation. We also resort to available web-based question and answering (QA) systems to generate answers to user's questions that are outside the domains covered by the application. Further, we make a first attempt at categorizing the retrieved information to generate appropriate non-verbal behaviors synced up with spoken utterances. The evaluation of the complete system shows promising results for the future and suggests that we are on the right track in terms of our approach for a better handling of out-of-domain topics.