The berkeley UNIX consultant project
Computational Linguistics
EuroWordNet: a multilingual database with lexical semantic networks
EuroWordNet: a multilingual database with lexical semantic networks
Answering English questions by computer: a survey
Communications of the ACM
Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems; Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project
Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems; Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project
Towards a theory of natural language interfaces to databases
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Omnibase: Uniform Access to Heterogeneous Data for Question Answering
NLDB '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems-Revised Papers
Semi-structured Knowledge Representation for the Automated Financial Advisor
Proceedings of the 14th International conference on Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems: engineering of intelligent systems
AI Research in the Context of a Multifunctional Knowledge Base: The BotanyKnowledge Base Project
AI Research in the Context of a Multifunctional Knowledge Base: The BotanyKnowledge Base Project
Parsing engineering and empirical robustness
Natural Language Engineering
Natural language question answering: the view from here
Natural Language Engineering
The TREC question answering track
Natural Language Engineering
The FrameNet tagset for frame-semantic and syntactic coding of predicate-argument structure
NAACL 2000 Proceedings of the 1st North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics conference
Incremental finite-state parsing
ANLC '97 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Applied natural language processing
Conceptual Indexing: A Better Way to Organize Knowledge
Conceptual Indexing: A Better Way to Organize Knowledge
New Directions in Question Answering
New Directions in Question Answering
Lexical chains for question answering
COLING '02 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Towards ontological question answering
ODQA '01 Proceedings of the workshop on Open-domain question answering - Volume 12
MLQA '06 Proceedings of the Workshop on Multilingual Question Answering
Overview of the CLEF 2005 multilingual question answering track
CLEF'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Cross-Language Evalution Forum: accessing Multilingual Information Repositories
Handling out of domain topics by a conversational character
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts
A framework of a logic-based question-answering system for the medical domain (LOQAS-Med)
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing
A Parallel Corpus Labeled Using Open and Restricted Domain Ontologies
CICLing '09 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing
Semantic chunk annotation for complex questions using conditional random field
KRAQ '08 Coling 2008: Proceedings of the workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning for Answering Questions
Retrieving good, better, and best answers to questions in advertisements
Proceedings of the eleventh international workshop on Web information and data management
Introspection and adaptable model integration for dialogue-based question answering
IJCAI'09 Proceedings of the 21st international jont conference on Artifical intelligence
An empirical study of corpus-based response automation methods for an e-mail-based help-desk domain
Computational Linguistics
Knowledge and reasoning for medical question-answering
KRAQ '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning for Answering Questions
Proceedings of the 2010 International Cross Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A)
Biomedical question answering: A survey
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
A study on the use of search engines for answering clinical questions
HIKM '10 Proceedings of the Fourth Australasian Workshop on Health Informatics and Knowledge Management - Volume 108
A survey of paraphrasing and textual entailment methods
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Can Esculape cure the complex of œdipe in the medical domain?
RIAO '10 Adaptivity, Personalization and Fusion of Heterogeneous Information
Model-driven restricted-domain adaptation of question answering systems for business intelligence
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Business intelligencE and the WEB
Multimedia answering: enriching text QA with media information
Proceedings of the 34th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in Information Retrieval
A survey on question answering technology from an information retrieval perspective
Information Sciences: an International Journal
An entailment-based question answering system over semantic web data
ICADL'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Asia-pacific digital libraries: for cultural heritage, knowledge dissemination, and future creation
Sibyl, a factoid question-answering system for spoken documents
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
DEQA: deep web extraction for question answering
ISWC'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on The Semantic Web - Volume Part II
Learning regular expressions to template-based FAQ retrieval systems
Knowledge-Based Systems
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Automated question answering has been a topic of research and development since the earliest AI applications. Computing power has increased since the first such systems were developed, and the general methodology has changed from the use of hand-encoded knowledge bases about simple domains to the use of text collections as the main knowledge source over more complex domains. Still, many research issues remain. The focus of this article is on the use of restricted domains for automated question answering. The article contains a historical perspective on question answering over restricted domains and an overview of the current methods and applications used in restricted domains. A main characteristic of question answering in restricted domains is the integration of domain-specific information that is either developed for question answering or that has been developed for other purposes. We explore the main methods developed to leverage this domain-specific information.