ARISTA: knowledge engineering with scientific texts
Information and Software Technology
WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
The use of MMR, diversity-based reranking for reordering documents and producing summaries
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Evaluation of hierarchical clustering algorithms for document datasets
Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on Information and knowledge management
Automatic labeling of semantic roles
Computational Linguistics
Reasoning About Actions in Narrative Understanding
IJCAI '99 Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Analysis and simulation of Web services
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue: The Semantic Web: an evolution for a revolution
The description logic handbook: theory, implementation, and applications
The description logic handbook: theory, implementation, and applications
Karma: knowledge-based active representations for metaphor and aspect
Karma: knowledge-based active representations for metaphor and aspect
Dynamic bayesian networks: representation, inference and learning
Dynamic bayesian networks: representation, inference and learning
Natural language question answering: the view from here
Natural Language Engineering
Discovery of inference rules for question-answering
Natural Language Engineering
The TREC question answering track
Natural Language Engineering
A workbench for finding structure in texts
ANLC '97 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Applied natural language processing
COLING '98 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
ACL '87 Proceedings of the 25th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Experiments with open-domain textual Question Answering
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Special issue: Unified medical language system
Toward semantics-based answer pinpointing
HLT '01 Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research
Logic form transformation of WordNet and its applicability to question answering
ACL '01 Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
COGEX: a logic prover for question answering
NAACL '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology - Volume 1
Offline strategies for online question answering: answering questions before they are asked
ACL '03 Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 1
NAACL-ANLP-AutoSum '00 Proceedings of the 2000 NAACL-ANLPWorkshop on Automatic summarization - Volume 4
Answering clinical questions with role identification
BioMed '03 Proceedings of the ACL 2003 workshop on Natural language processing in biomedicine - Volume 13
Automatic detection of causal relations for Question Answering
MultiSumQA '03 Proceedings of the ACL 2003 workshop on Multilingual summarization and question answering - Volume 12
The Proposition Bank: An Annotated Corpus of Semantic Roles
Computational Linguistics
The role of knowledge in conceptual retrieval: a study in the domain of clinical medicine
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Accessing bioscience images from abstract sentences
Bioinformatics
Answer extraction, semantic clustering, and extractive summarization for clinical question answering
ACL-44 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Question answering based on semantic structures
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
Bidirectional inference with the easiest-first strategy for tagging sequence data
HLT '05 Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Question Answering in Restricted Domains: An Overview
Computational Linguistics
Answering Clinical Questions with Knowledge-Based and Statistical Techniques
Computational Linguistics
A knowledge based method for the medical question answering problem
Computers in Biology and Medicine
Adding predicate argument structure to the Penn TreeBank
HLT '02 Proceedings of the second international conference on Human Language Technology Research
Automatic Clinical Question Answering Based on UMLS Relations
SKG '07 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grid
A framework of a logic-based question-answering system for the medical domain (LOQAS-Med)
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing
BioNLP '06 Proceedings of the Workshop on Linking Natural Language Processing and Biology: Towards Deeper Biological Literature Analysis
Generative content models for structural analysis of medical abstracts
BioNLP '06 Proceedings of the Workshop on Linking Natural Language Processing and Biology: Towards Deeper Biological Literature Analysis
Evaluation of the clinical question answering presentation
BioNLP '09 Proceedings of the Workshop on Current Trends in Biomedical Natural Language Processing
Question answering using ontological semantics
TextMean '04 Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Text Meaning and Interpretation
Knowledge and reasoning for medical question-answering
KRAQ '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning for Answering Questions
Overview of the CLEF 2005 multilingual question answering track
CLEF'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Cross-Language Evalution Forum: accessing Multilingual Information Repositories
An architecture for complex clinical question answering
Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Health Informatics Symposium
Can Esculape cure the complex of œdipe in the medical domain?
RIAO '10 Adaptivity, Personalization and Fusion of Heterogeneous Information
Metagnostic deductive question answering with explanation from texts
UAHCI'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: applications and services - Volume Part IV
An ontology for clinical questions about the contents of patient notes
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Semantic MEDLINE: An advanced information management application for biomedicine
Information Services and Use - NFAIS 2011 and APE 2011
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Objectives: In this survey, we reviewed the current state of the art in biomedical QA (Question Answering), within a broader framework of semantic knowledge-based QA approaches, and projected directions for the future research development in this critical area of intersection between Artificial Intelligence, Information Retrieval, and Biomedical Informatics. Materials and methods: We devised a conceptual framework within which to categorize current QA approaches. In particular, we used ''semantic knowledge-based QA'' as a category under which to subsume QA techniques and approaches, both corpus-based and knowledge base (KB)-based, that utilize semantic knowledge-informed techniques in the QA process, and we further classified those approaches into three subcategories: (1) semantics-based, (2) inference-based, and (3) logic-based. Based on the framework, we first conducted a survey of open-domain or non-biomedical-domain QA approaches that belong to each of the three subcategories. We then conducted an in-depth review of biomedical QA, by first noting the characteristics of, and resources available for, biomedical QA and then reviewing medical QA approaches and biological QA approaches, in turn. The research articles reviewed in this paper were found and selected through online searches. Results: Our review suggested the following tasks ahead for the future research development in this area: (1) Construction of domain-specific typology and taxonomy of questions (biological QA), (2) Development of more sophisticated techniques for natural language (NL) question analysis and classification, (3) Development of effective methods for answer generation from potentially conflicting evidences, (4) More extensive and integrated utilization of semantic knowledge throughout the QA process, and (5) Incorporation of logic and reasoning mechanisms for answer inference. Conclusion: Corresponding to the growth of biomedical information, there is a growing need for QA systems that can help users better utilize the ever-accumulating information. Continued research toward development of more sophisticated techniques for processing NL text, for utilizing semantic knowledge, and for incorporating logic and reasoning mechanisms, will lead to more useful QA systems.