Interfacing thought: cognitive aspects of human-computer interaction
Modern structured analysis
User interface evaluation in the real world: a comparison of four techniques
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Object-oriented modeling and design
Object-oriented modeling and design
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on analysis and modeling in software development
Comparison of empirical testing and walkthrough methods in user interface evaluation
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
What is gained and lost when using evaluation methods other than empirical testing
HCI'92 Proceedings of the conference on People and computers VII
ADEPT—Advanced Design Environments for Prototyping with Task Models
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
Embedding computer-based critics in the contexts of design
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
Providing high-level control and expert assistance in the user interface presentation design
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Cognitive support: designing aiding to supplement human knowledge
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Model-based communicative acts: human-computer collaboration in supervisory control
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering
Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering
User Centered System Design; New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction
User Centered System Design; New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction
Rule Based Expert Systems: The Mycin Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project (The Addison-Wesley series in artificial intelligence)
Support concepts for Web navigation: a cognitive engineering approach
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
Operational Decision Making in Aluminium Smelters
EPCE '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Towards a cognitive-based user interface design framework development
HCII'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction: design and development approaches - Volume Part I
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
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The idea of aiding as cognitive support is to offer the user the knowledge he or she is missing. Recently, we developed a design method for aiding that is based on explicit requirements of the human problem solver. This proved to be able to supplement a lack of human knowledge in a statistical analysis task. In this article we extend the aiding concept to time-pressured tasks and we investigate whether aiding can supplement lack of knowledge and capacity under tasks with high mental loading, such as dealing with irregularities in process control. We developed a simulator of the workplace of a railway traffic controller with an aiding function for dealing with irregularities (e.g., a switch getting out of order). Application of the design method proved to be possible for this task. We then conducted an experiment to study effects of the aiding on task performance, mental effort, and learning under low and high task load conditions. Users of the simulator dealt better and faster with irregularities when the computer provided aiding. The higher the task load was, the larger this beneficial effect was. For theory about human-computer interaction, this research points to possible positive effects of aiding on performance and learning as a consequence of reducing cognitive demands.