Multidimensional Orientation Estimation with Applications to Texture Analysis and Optical Flow
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Performance of optical flow techniques
International Journal of Computer Vision
Machine Learning
Distortion Invariant Object Recognition in the Dynamic Link Architecture
IEEE Transactions on Computers
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Retinal vision applied to facial features detection and face authentication
Pattern Recognition Letters - In memory of Professor E.S. Gelsema
Expert Conciliation for Multi Modal Person Authentication Systems by Bayesian Statistics
AVBPA '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
A Comparison of Gabor Filter Methods for Automatic Detection of Facial Landmarks
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Enhancing security and privacy in biometrics-based authentication systems
IBM Systems Journal - End-to-end security
Evaluating Liveness by Face Images and the Structure Tensor
AUTOID '05 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies
Face authentication with Gabor information on deformable graphs
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Dynamic tongueprint: A novel biometric identifier
Pattern Recognition
Face liveness detection from a single image with sparse low rank bilinear discriminative model
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part VI
LBP - TOP based countermeasure against face spoofing attacks
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Face spoofing detection using dynamic texture
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Seeing is not believing: visual verifications through liveness analysis using mobile devices
Proceedings of the 29th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
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A technique evaluating liveness in face image sequences is presented. To ensure the actual presence of a live face in contrast to a photograph (playback attack), is a significant problem in face authentication to the extent that anti-spoofing measures are highly desirable. The purpose of the proposed system is to assist in a biometric authentication framework, by adding liveness awareness in a non-intrusive manner. Analyzing the trajectories of certain parts of a live face reveals valuable information to discriminate it against a spoofed one. The proposed system uses a lightweight novel optical flow, which is especially applicable in face motion estimation based on the structure tensor and inputs of a few frames. For reliable face part detection, the system utilizes a model-based local Gabor decomposition and SVM experts, where selected points from a retinotopic grid are used to form regional face models. Also the estimated optical flow is exploited to detect a face part. The whole procedure, starting with three images as input and finishing in a liveness score, is executed in near real-time without special purpose hardware. Experimental results on the proposed system are presented on both a public database and spoofing attack simulations.