A proposal for a new block encryption standard
EUROCRYPT '90 Proceedings of the workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
System architecture directions for networked sensors
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
The security of the cipher block chaining message authentication code
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
Network Security with Openssl
The Design of Rijndael
The nesC language: A holistic approach to networked embedded systems
PLDI '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2003 conference on Programming language design and implementation
A Concrete Security Treatment of Symmetric Encryption
FOCS '97 Proceedings of the 38th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
OCB: A block-cipher mode of operation for efficient authenticated encryption
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Analyzing and modeling encryption overhead for sensor network nodes
WSNA '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications
TOSSIM: accurate and scalable simulation of entire TinyOS applications
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
The platforms enabling wireless sensor networks
Communications of the ACM - Wireless sensor networks
TinySec: a link layer security architecture for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Cryptanalysis of Skipjack Reduced to 31 Rounds Using Impossible Differentials
Journal of Cryptology
Evaluation of Security Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks
ICW '05 Proceedings of the 2005 Systems Communications
Survey and benchmark of block ciphers for wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Avrora: scalable sensor network simulation with precise timing
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
MiniSec: a secure sensor network communication architecture
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Energy evaluation of software implementations of block ciphers under memory constraints
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
A performance evaluation of intrusion-tolerant routing in wireless sensor networks
IPSN'03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
ContikiSec: A Secure Network Layer for Wireless Sensor Networks under the Contiki Operating System
NordSec '09 Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Conference on Secure IT Systems: Identity and Privacy in the Internet Age
The price of security in wireless sensor networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Due to the resource constrained environments under which the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) operate, the security protocols and algorithms should be so designed to be used in WSNs, as to yield the optimum performance. The efficiency of the block cipher and the mode under which it operates are vital factors in leveraging the performance of any security protocol. In this paper, therefore, we focus on the issue of optimizing the security vs. performance tradeoff at the link layer framework in WSNs. We evaluate the resource requirements of the block ciphers characteristically distinct from each other, in conventional modes and the Authenticated Encryption (AE) modes. We use the Skipjack cipher in CBC mode, as the basis for comparison. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first experimental evaluation of the AES cipher, the XXTEA cipher, the OCB mode and the CCM mode at the link layer security architecture for WSNs.