Hash functions based on block ciphers: a synthetic approach
CRYPTO '93 Proceedings of the 13th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
Black-Box Analysis of the Block-Cipher-Based Hash-Function Constructions from PGV
CRYPTO '02 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
A Design Principle for Hash Functions
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
One Way Hash Functions and DES
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
RIPEMD-160: A Strengthened Version of RIPEMD
Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
CHES '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Investigations of power analysis attacks on smartcards
WOST'99 Proceedings of the USENIX Workshop on Smartcard Technology on USENIX Workshop on Smartcard Technology
Side channel attacks on message authentication codes
ESAS'05 Proceedings of the Second European conference on Security and Privacy in Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks
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HMAC is one of the most famous keyed hash functions, and widely utilized. In order to design secure hash functions, we often use PGV construction consisting of 64 schemes, each of which utilizes a block cipher. If the underlying block cipher is ideal, 12 schemes are proven to be secure. In this paper, we evaluate the security of these schemes in view of side channel attacks. As it turns out, HMACs based on 11 out of 12 secure PGV schemes are vulnerable to side channel attacks, even if the underlying block cipher is secure against side channel attacks. These schemes are classified into two groups based on their vulnerabilities. For the first group which contains 8 schemes, we show that the attacker can reveal the whole key of HMAC, and selectively forge in consequence. For the other group which contains 3 schemes, we specify the importance of the execution sequence for the inner operations of the scheme, and refine it. If wrong orders of operations are used, the attacker can reveal a portion of the key of HMAC. Hence, the use of HMACs based on such PGV schemes as they are is not recommended when the resistance against side channel attacks is necessary.