Generalized Affine Invariant Image Normalization
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
On Critical Point Detection of Digital Shapes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An Affine Invariant Interest Point Detector
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part I
Object Recognition from Local Scale-Invariant Features
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Geometric Attacks on Image Watermarking Systems
IEEE MultiMedia
Feature based watermarking using watermark template match
Applied Mathematics and Computation
Affine invariant watermarking algorithm using feature matching
Digital Signal Processing
Image watermarking based on invariant regions of scale-space representation
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Rotation, scale, and translation resilient watermarking for images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Affine resilient image watermarking based on trace transform
PCM'10 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in multimedia information processing: Part I
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This work, proposes a robust digital watermarking scheme based on feature points as a defense against illegal user attacks, such as, rotating, scaling and translation. First of all, a Gaussian filter is first adopted to discover the invariant feature points. The local maximum and the local minimum values are then calculated from those feature points. The Affine Invariant Region (AIR) is then divided by combination the values: local maximum, local minimum values and the center of mass. The AIR region is then transformed using affine transform to a block image, called the normalized image, in which the size of the block image is predefined. The watermarks are then embedded into the normalized image. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can still extract the correct watermark, even after a geometric attack. The proposed method has a lower false positive rate and higher accuracy than Lu's [12] that making it a robust blind watermarking scheme.